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Security is a more important aspect in the IoT based communications due to the vast heterogeneity of devices used in the network. Considering the challenges in the provision of security in the IoT network, this paper proposes a new trust ensuring mechanism with multi contextual aspects including the interactions between the IoT nodes and their energy levels. Furthermore, a minimum hop count mechanism is also proposed to select a path with less processing delay. Combining all these multi facets, a composite routing metric is derived in this paper to define the trustworthiness of IoT node before choosing it as a next hop communicating node. An extensive simulations are carried out over the proposed approach by varying the network parameters and the performance is measured through the performance metrics namely, packet deliver ratio, malicious detection rate, network life time etc. The obtained Malicious detection rate and network life time of proposed approach outperforms the conventional approaches.

In the present era, the consensus for blockchain is of three types: consortium/permissioned, decentralized/permissionless, and somewhat decentralized. Presently, security and privacy of blockchain scenarios are in four directions: auditability and transparency, accountability and nonrepudiation, contract privacy, and transactional privacies. Blockchain works on multilayered architectures with its consensus mechanisms. In this paper, important mechanisms of various consensus protocols for application specific usage are analyzed. In general, these consensus mechanisms have four groups of properties; all are examined and discussed. Moreover, the security analysis is shown. Furthermore, the paper examines the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA), which is in use by the cryptocurrencies along with many blockchain-based systems. Moreover, a variant of ECDSA (vECDSA) is also considered. In particular, ECDSA and vECDSA are compared in this research. In addition, modeling and analysis aspects related to the security and concurrency aspects of CPS are discussed. In particular, Petri-net-based models of CPS are considered, especially in terms of liveness and boundedness properties of the system.

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