No abstract

We describe a new line of rats with inherited cardiomyocyte and ventricular hypertrophy. From a second-generation cross of spontaneously hypertensive and Fischer 344 rats, we selected for low blood pressure and either high or low echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass over four generations to establish the hypertrophic heart rat (HHR) and normal heart rat (NHR) lines, respectively. After 13 generations of inbreeding, HHR had significantly greater (P < 0.0001) LV mass-to-body weight ratio (2.68 g/kg, SE 0.14) than NHR matched for age (1.94 g/kg, SE 0.02) or body weight (2.13 g/kg, SE 0.03). The isolated cardiomyocytes of HHR were significantly (P < 0.0001) longer and wider (161 microm, SE 0.83; 35.6 microm, SE 2.9) than NHR (132 microm, SE 1.2; 29.5 microm, SE 0.35). Telemetric 24-h recordings of mean arterial pressure revealed no significant differences between HHR and NHR. The HHR offers a new model of primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with normal blood pressure in which to examine genotypic causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of hypertrophy and its complications.

BackgroundAmong the growing numbers of patients with heart failure, up to one half have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The lack of effective treatments for HFpEF is a substantial and escalating unmet clinical need—and the lack of HFpEF‐specific animal models represents a major preclinical barrier in advancing understanding of HFpEF. As established treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have proven ineffective for HFpEF, the contention that the intrinsic cardiomyocyte phenotype is distinct in these 2 conditions requires consideration. Our goal was to validate and characterize a new rodent model of HFpEF, undertaking longitudinal investigations to delineate the associated cardiac and cardiomyocyte pathophysiology.Methods and ResultsThe selectively inbred Hypertrophic Heart Rat (HHR) strain exhibits adult cardiac enlargement (without hypertension) and premature death (40% mortality at 50 weeks) compared to its control strain, the normal heart rat. Hypertrophy was characterized in vivo by maintained systolic parameters (ejection fraction at 85%–90% control) with marked diastolic dysfunction (increased E/E′). Surprisingly, HHR cardiomyocytes were hypercontractile, exhibiting high Ca2+ operational levels and markedly increased L‐type Ca2+ channel current. In HHR, prominent regions of reparative fibrosis in the left ventricle free wall adjacent to the interventricular septum were observed.ConclusionsThus, the cardiomyocyte remodeling process in the etiology of this HFpEF model contrasts dramatically with the suppressed Ca2+ cycling state that typifies heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. These findings may explain clinical observations, that treatments considered appropriate for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction are of little benefit for HFpEF—and suggest a basis for new therapeutic strategies.

Blood Pressure (BP) is the pressure of blood that is pumped by the heart against arterial wall. Blood Pressure is the pushing force for the blood which can circulate to the whole body to give fresh blood that contains oxygen and nutrients to body organs. This study aimed to obtain the blood pressure measurements of the North Minahasa Regency civil servants in two body positions, namely sitting position (SeP) and standing position (StP). This study was conducted in the period of June to July 2015 at the complex of the Mayor office of North Minahasa Regency in Airmadidi District. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional approach. Samples were determined with simple random sampling and the amount of samples was 42 people. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between measurements of blood pressure during sitting position (SeP) and standing position (StP). The data showed that Systoloc BP SeP = 117.9841±12.5877 mmHg vs Systolic StP = 124.7302 ±11.9546 mmHg, whereas Diastolic BP SeP = 79.2698±9.0656 mmHg vs Diastolic StP = 87.5238 ±8.6639 mmHg. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.000 < α=0.05). Coclusion: Body positions namely sitting position and standing position affected both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure in standing position showed a tendency to be higher than that of sitting position.Keywords: systolic, diastolic, blood pressure, sitting position, standing position, civil servantsAbstrak: Tekanan darah adalah tekanan dari darah yang dipompa oleh jantung terhadap dinding arteri. Tekanan darah merupakan kekuatan pendorong bagi darah agar dapat beredar ke seluruh tubuh untuk memberikan darah segar yang mengandung oksigen dan nutrisi ke organ-organ tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pengukuran tekanan darah antara posisi duduk dan posisi berdiri pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Pemerintah Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kompleks Kantor Bupati Minahasa Utara, Airmadidi pada bulan Juni-Juli 2015. Metode penelitian ini yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Sampel ditentukan secara simple random sampling yang berjumlah 42 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 20 dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah antara posisi duduk dan posisi berdiri. Tekanan darah sistolik antara posisi duduk vs posisi berdiri 117,9841±12,5877 mmHg vs 124,7302±11,9546 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik antara posisi duduk vs posisi berdiri 79,2698±9,0656 mmHg vs 87,5238±8,6639 mmHg. Hasil Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara posisi duduk dan posisi berdiri dengan nilai p=0,000 <α=0,05. Simpulan: Posisi badan yaitu posisi duduk dan berdiri pada saat dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah memengaruhi hasil tekanan darah baik sistolik maupun diastolik. Pada posisi berdiri tekanan darah cenderung lebih tinggi dibanding pada posisi duduk.Kata kunci: tekanan darah, posisi duduk, posisi berdiri

Abdomen is the central part of human body. Abdomen (waist) circumference >90cm in men and >85cm in women are a state of person in low health quality (obese). Sit up is one of physical activity-resistance training to abdomen muscles by lifting the upper body from lie back position then creating 90° of sit up angle. There are variations by changing the 90° of sit up angle to 45° and 120°. There are also moderately strong evidences that prove sit up changes the abdomen adiposity, so it wills benefits health quality. The goals of this study are not only to understand the correlation between sit up angles and changes of waist circumference but also to compare the changes of waist circumference between sit up angle 45°, 90° and 120°. 25 Students of Medical Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University were divided into 3 groups of sit up angle (45°,90°and 120°), each sample instructed to do 50 sit ups a day within 15 days of study. Before the first day of training and the last day after training, waist circumference was measured. Then, data were analyzed by IBM SPSS version 20 with the univariate analysis test. IBM SPSS version 20 with the univariate analysis test (α= 0, 05) shows the mean differences of waist circumference in group 45° sit up angle is 10 mm (p= 0,015), in group 90° sit up angle is 12,22 mm (p= 0,005), and in group 120° sit up angle is 13,75 (p= 0,045). Conclusion: There’s significant correlation between sit ups angle (45°, 90°, 120°) and waist circumference changes (p<α=0,05). The most significant correlation shown in group of 90° sit up angle. Keywords: sit up, waist circumference, sit up angle, waist circumference changesAbstrak: Perut adalah bagian sentral dari tubuh manusia. Ukuran lingkar perut >90cm bagi pria dan >85cm bagi wanita adalah tanda rendahnya kualitas kesehatan seseorang (obesitas). Sit up merupakan salah satu aktivitas fisik-latihan resistensi yang gerakannya melatih otot-otot perut mengangkat beban tubuh sampai membentuk sudut 90° dari posisi berbaring. Variasi dari sit up antara lain dengan mengubah sudut sit up dari 90° menjadi sudut 45° dan 120°. Sit up memiliki bukti cukup kuat mengurangi ukuran lingkar perut yang akhirnya meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan sudut sit up dengan perubahan lingkar perut dan juga mengetahui perbandingan perubahan lingkar perut pada sudut sit up 45°, 90° dan 120°. 25 mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran UNSRAT dibagi dalam tiga kelompok sudut sit up (45°,90°dan 120°), tiap sampel diinstruksikan untuk 50 kali sit up sehari selama 15 hari penelitian. Sebelum latihan hari pertama dan setelah latihan hari ke-15 dilakukan pengukuran lingkar perut. Kemudian data dianalisa dengan uji analisis univariat menggunakan aplikasi pengolah data statistik IBM SPSS version 20. Uji analisis univariat IBM SPSS version 20 dengan α= 0,05 didapatkan perbandingan rata-rata perubahan lingkar perut pada sudut sit up 45° adalah 10 mm (p = 0,015), pada sudut sit up 90° adalah 12,22 mm (p = 0,005), sedangkan pada sudut sit up 120° adalah 13,75 mm (p = 0,045). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sudut sit up dengan perubahan lingkar perut (p<α=0,05). Hubungan sangat signifikan didapat pada sudut sit up 90°. Kata kunci: sit up, lingkar perut, sudut sit up, perubahan lingkar perut