ObjectiveTo describe long-term treatment outcomes of a pediatric HIV cohort in Mozambique.DesignRetrospective analysis of routine monitoring data.SettingSecondary health care facilities in the Chamanculo Health District of Maputo.SubjectsA total of 1,335 antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve children <15 years of age enrolled in HIV care between 2002 and 2010.InterventionHIV care, ART (since 2003), task shifting to lower cadre nurses, counseling by lay counselors, active patient tracing, nutritional support, support by a psychologist, targeted viral load testing, and switch to second-line treatment.Main outcome measuresKaplan–Meier estimates for retention in care (RIC), CD4 cell percentage, body mass index for age z-score, and adjusted incidence rate ratios for attrition (death or loss to follow-up) as calculated by Poisson regression.ResultsThe RIC at 6 years in the pre-ART cohort was 44% (95% confidence interval: 38–49), and the one at 8 years in the ART cohort was 70% (64–75). Risk factors for attrition included young age, low CD4 percentage, underweight, active tuberculosis, and enrollment/treatment initiation after 2006. The mean CD4 percentage increased strongly at 1 year on treatment and remained high thereafter. The body mass index for age z-score sharply increased at 1 year after treatment initiation before stabilizing at pre-ART levels thereafter.ConclusionsGood clinical and immunological treatment outcomes up to 8 years of follow-up on ART can be achieved in a context of shortage of health workers and a high level of task-shifting approach.