Structural delamination in mural paintings is a complex phenomenon and is considered among the most frequent types of damage. In conservation practice, the most common technique to identify structural detachments is the percussion method. Full-field optical techniques based on interferometry, such as shearography, can provide a more scientifically substantiated evaluation of the condition of heterogeneous structures of wall paintings. The empirical nature of the percussion method was observed during the condition assessment of two medieval wall paintings in the Mariakerk, Nisse, the Netherlands. It can be argued that, to allow the formulation of specific treatment needs for structural delamination in wall paintings, accurate defect mapping and characterisation is needed. The application of shearography was believed to provide a holistic representation of the condition of the structure of the wall painting depicting St. Christopher in the Mariakerk. Preliminary comparison of the methods involved revealed a degree of matching between results obtained. Discrepancies, i.e. areas deemed extremely vulnerable during percussion testing that were not detected by shearography, are debatably caused by the misinterpretation of the acoustic response during percussion testing or the inability of shearography to detect in depth structural defects. Further research regarding shearography should focus on providing more information about the depth of structurally delaminated areas within the heterogeneous layered structure of wall paintings.
RESUMOO presente ensaio tem por intenção problematizar as temporalidades em jogo na instituição escolar a partir de duas categorias de tempo: Khronos e Kairós. A partir do trabalho de “recolher os restos” efetuado pelo crítico George Didi-Huberman e pela manipulação do tempo no cinema de Andrei Tarkovsky é colocada em questão a presença da psicóloga lotada em uma escola pública localizada na cidade de Itaboraí, no Rio de Janeiro. À luz das contribuições das reflexões sobre a História em Walter Benjamin, assim como dos teóricos da arte cinematográfica, pretende-se apostar na atenção, ou recolhimento dos restos, dos detritos do cotidiano escolar como ato ético.Palavras-chave: Escola, tempo, cinema, cidade, modernidade
O presente ensaio visa discutir a questão: "Pode o primeiro cinema ser uma experiência?". Para tanto, num primeiro momento, faremos uma breve apresentação da temática da experiência nos textos benjaminianos da década de 30; seguiremos conceituando o que entendemos por primeiro cinema contrapondo-o à codificação da linguagem cinematográfica narrativa do período pós-Griffth e; finalmente, aproximaremos o primeiro cinema da experiência do narrador tradicional, da poesia lírica de Baudelaire e do teatro épico de Bertold Brecht, a fim de problematizarmos a possibilidade de ser o primeiro cinema uma experiência, tal qual a entendia Walter Benjamin.
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