Study Design: Sistematic Review of literature. Aims: In this work, national studies were reviewed in the literature by key words infection, hospitalization, mortality, and rotavirus genotypes during pre e postvaccinal periods. Methodology: Pubmed and Scielo databases were searched for associated descriptors: rotavirus, Brazil and infection; rotavirus, Brazil and hospitalized; rotavirus, Brazil and mortality; rotavirus, Brazil and genotypes. Results: Results appointed for significant reduction of infection (7.4-77%), hospitalization (12.3-55.4%), and mortality (22-50%), besides rotavirus gastroenteritis continue to be an important disease. After introduction to immunization practices, great changes of rotavirus genotypes were described, with G2P4 predominance in substitution to G1P8. Conclusion: The started of rotavirus vaccination results important impact of rotaviruses infection, concomitant to alteration of rotavirus genotype circulation implicating to need for molecular surveillance to change of rotavirus genotypes compounds in vaccine to efficacy guaranteed.

The acute gastroenteritis remains a problem social, economic and of the public health of the global impact and among the main causative agents are the viruses. This study aimed to show the circulation of rotavirus (RoV) and norovirus (NoV) infections in children under 5 years, vaccinated or not against RoV, enrolled in the health system presented gastroenteritis. From March 2011 to February 2012 a total of 160 stool samples were collected, overall positivity rates were 11.9% (19/160) for NoV and was not found infected patients with RV. The children include had a mean of 2.8 and a median of 3 years of old, and the average of rotavirus vaccination rate was 83.85%. This result shows that this circulating NoV and suggests a reduction in the occurrence of RoV infection in children with high vaccination coverage rate.