Background: Changes in motor development provide children with new learning opportunities to interact with objects, their environment, and with caregivers. Previous research finds that both gross and fine motor skills are predictive of later language outcomes across early infancy and childhood. However, gross and fine motor skills afford different types of interactions. Thus, gross and fine motor skills may potentially differ in the developmental trajectories through which cascading changes in language may occur. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences in the predictive capacities of gross and fine motor skills toward language outcomes across infancy and early childhood in typical development.Method: A systematic review of existing literature on motor-language cascades was conducted in across studies measuring gross and/or fine motor and language development in children from 0 to 5 years old. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Keywords used were a combination of “gross motor,” “fine motor,” “motor performance,” “motor development,” or “psychomotor development” along with “language,” “language development,” or “communication skills.” Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 23 articles were retained. Of these, seven studies measured only gross motor skills, four studies measured only fine motor skills, and 12 studies measured both gross and fine motor skills in the same study. Studies used a variety of measures to assess gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and language development (e.g., parent report, in lab observations, standardized assessment), and findings varied based on analyses used. Results demonstrated that both gross and fine motor skills are related to language outcomes, but due to a smaller amount of studies testing fine motor skills, conclusions regarding whether one is more important for language outcomes cannot be drawn.Conclusions: We conclude that both gross and fine motor skills help foster language development from infancy to early childhood. Limitations regarding current knowledge regarding the mechanisms that underlie motor-language cascades are discussed, as well as the need for more studies on fine motor skills.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, and it is often detected at a late stage. Understanding the mechanisms of cancer metastasis can allow us to develop methods to detect ovarian cancers sooner. Screening for specific biomarkers present in at-risk patients may facilitate detection at earlier stages and improve prognoses. A hypothesis currently being developed involves tumor spheroids that infiltrate the abdominal cavity to drive metastasis. These spheroids have increased expression of proteins with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI anchor). Increased expression of GPI anchored proteins has been previously linked to cancer cells when compared to non-cancerous cells. Thy-1 (CD90) is a cell surface glycoprotein containing a GPI anchor linkage is thought to have a role in forming and increasing proliferation of these cancer spheroids. Methods and Results: In this project, cells were cultured from two ovarian cancer cell lines (A1847 and C30) to determine if the GPI anchor was granting the spheroid proliferation capability as part of the CD90 protein structure. The A1847 and C30 ovarian cancer cell lines were transfected with a lentivirus to express three different versions of the GPI anchor + Thy1 amino acids. Construct I contain truncated Thy-1 protein with the C-terminal 30 amino acids with the GPI anchor, Construct II has truncated Thy-1 (the same C-terminal amino acids as construct I) without the GPI anchor, and Construct III has the full Thy-1 protein and the GPI anchor. The cell lines were grown on non-adherent plates to allow formation of spheroids. Spheroid formation is dependent on the number of cancer stem cells. The size and number of spheroids were measured using microscopy. Spheroids were defined as an aggregate of five or more cells. Spheroid density was calculated using ImageJ from five random fields for each cell line at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours after seeding onto non-adherent plates. Analysis shows that construct I and construct III have a similar number and density of spheroids indicating that the GPI anchor and the 30 amino acids preceding the anchor are sufficient for promoting spheroid formation. This implies that this may be the region of interest of the Thy-1 protein that can be targeted for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Determining the role of the GPI anchor and the amino acid components of Thy-1 for the self-renewal function of ovarian cancer stem cells is the first step in investigating possible roles for this glycan structure in ovarian cancer metastasis. The results of these studies can lead to future development of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for earlier detection and treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Veronica Alvarez, Karen L. Abbott. Potential role of the GPI anchor of Thy-1 in expanding ovarian cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB540.

The purpose of our study was to understand the perception of the postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers in Parenting System. The study is a young children in socio-educational analysis related to postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers, specifically, the analysis was done in the cultural context of indigenous communities, seeking knowledge of the diverse cultural expressions, perceptions, and behaviors of the population around reproductive health processes of educational system, through observation and ethnographic interviews. The sample consisted of 118 mothers whose deliveries were attended in the health and parenting system establishment of the Quechua and Aymara areas, and the process was developed considering five aspects. The results show the presence of a complex cultural system in this stage of life and a set of social and cultural norms such as the use of medicinal plants and learning System in the prevention of encounters with spirits or beings of the Quechua and Aymara cultures. The conceptions of the puerperium in native communities regulate the behavior of its inhabitants, affecting maternal and child health in education system and Parenting System.