RESUMEN: Las conexiones anómalas de venas pulmonares fueron descritas por primera vez en 1739. Las anomalías de drenaje de las venas pulmonares se deben a una alteración temprana (día 27-30 del desarrollo) momento en el cual los plexos venosos pulmonares están en conexión con las venas de los sistemas cardinal, umbilical y vitelino, estas conexiones involucionan y el drenaje venoso deriva hacia el atrio izquierdo a través de la vena pulmonar común. En este trabajo presentamos una conexión venosa pulmonar anómala parcial, su conocimiento es relevante pues se asocia en un 80 % a defectos cardiacos, principalmente comunicaciones interatriales. Disección de rutina de un cadáver adulto, de sexo masculino, a nivel del pedículo pulmonar izquierdo. Se describe una vena originada en el lobo pulmonar superior izquierdo que abandona el hilio pulmonar por delante del bronquio, realizando un trayecto ascendente de 10 cm de longitud desde el hilio para terminar desembocando en la vena braquiocefálica izquierda. La vena anómala drena el territorio del lobo superior del pulmón izquierdo. Por su disposición y relaciones, esta vena de trayecto anómalo tiene su origen en la persistencia de las conexiones del sistema venoso pulmonar, en especial las que se establecen con el sistema cardinal anterior izquierdo. Este hallazgo

Variations of the axillary artery may have clinical implications capable of generating unexpected situations during surgical procedures of arterial reconstruction or vascular catheterization. The objective of this work was to report the finding of an anatomical variant of the axillary artery, which may have clinical and surgical implications. A descriptive study was conducted, in which a unilateral vascular variation found during a routine dissection in a right upper limb of a male cadaver was reported. From the second portion of the axillary artery originated a common arterial trunk that gave rise to the subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex and deep brachial arteries. The third portion of the axillary artery did not emit branches. The common arterial trunk originated from the second portion, 62.64 mm from the beginning of the axillary artery. Its total length was 23.72 mm and its thickness was 6.1 mm. The caliber of the branches originating from the common arterial trunk was: subscapular artery 5.1 mm, anterior humeral circumflex of 1.66 mm, posterior humeral circumflex 3.18 mm and deep brachial 3.73 mm. The vascular variant detected altered the anatomical relationship of the axillary artery with the brachial plexus, generating a modification in the position of the fascicles and their terminal branches. Anatomical variations of the axillary artery are not infrequent, knowing them may be necessary during surgical procedures or anatomical dissections.

FARFÁN, C. E.; INZUNZA, H. O.; ECHEVERRÍA, M. M. & INOSTROZA, R. V. The dorsoepicondylar medial muscle, a clinically relevant anatomical variation. Int. J. Morphol., 37(2):600-605, 2019. SUMMARY:Anatomical variations in the axillary region do not always appear in modern human anatomy texts, which leaves the risk of diagnostic and surgical errors by doctors unaware of these variations. This work presents an anatomical variation of muscular type in the axillary region that can potentially generate clinical manifestations or iatrogenic results during surgical procedures. Routine dissection of an upper limb in a male cadaver. An atypical muscle was found in the axillary region, located at the base of the right axilla, and conformed by three muscle fascicles that give rise to a common muscular belly. The three fascicles are joined at the base of the axilla, and form a thin flat muscle 120 mm long from this join to its tendon, with a cross-section diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The common belly of the muscle establishes a posterior relationship with the neurovascular elements of the axillary fossa and partially covers them. The tendon 150 mm in length originates at the level of the union of the upper and middle thirds of the arm and ends inserted in the medial epicondyle of the humerus, relating in its path with muscular and neurovascular elements of the arm. Being familiar with this variation enriches diagnostic and surgical abilities and reduces the possibility of iatrogenia in surgery of the axillary and brachial regions. FARFÁN, C. E.; INZUNZA, H. O.; ECHEVERRÍA, M. M. & INOSTROZA, R. V. The dorsoepicondylar medial muscle, a clinically relevant anatomical variation.Int. J. Morphol., 37(2):600-605, 2019.

Anatomical variations of the scalene muscles are frequent, as are those of the brachial plexus and its terminal nerves. Nonetheless, these variations are reported separately in the literature. The aim of this work is to present a variation of scalene muscles, concomitant with an abnormal path of the musculocutaneous nerve. During a routine dissection of the cervical region, axilla and right anterior brachial region in an adult male cadaver, a supernumerary muscle fascicle was located in the anterior scalene muscle, altering the anatomical relations of C5 and C6 ventral branches of the brachial plexus. This variation was related to an anomalous path of the musculocutaneous nerve that did not cross the coracobrachialis muscle. It passed through the brachial canal along with the median nerve. It then sent off muscular branches to the anterior brachial region and likewise, communicating branches to the median nerve. The concomitant variations of the brachial plexus and scalene muscles they are not described frequently. Knowledge of these variations improves diagnosis, enhancing therapeutic and surgical approaches by reducing the possibility of iatrogenesis during cervical, axillary and brachial region interventions.

RESUMEN:El músculo esternal corresponde a una variante muscular supernumeraria de la musculatura torácica, cuya descripción más antigua se remonta al año 1604. A lo largo de la historia ha sido denominado músculo "epiesternal", "preesternal", "recto torácico" o "recto esternal". Se ubica entre la fascia superficial y el músculo pectoral mayor, tiene una prevalencia de entre 3 % y 8 % en la población general, se presenta de forma unilateral o bilateral exhibiendo una alta variabilidad interracial y puede ser motivo de dilemas diagnósticos durante cirugías y exámenes de imagen. Disección en un cadáver adulto de sexo masculino. Se encontraron dos músculos esternales conectados superiormente por un tendón central. El músculo esternal derecho se extendía desde el manubrio esternal hasta el séptimo cartílago costal derecho. El músculo esternal izquierdo se extendía desde el manubrio esternal hasta el sexto cartílago costal izquierdo. Su inervación estaba dada por ramos cutáneos anteriores de los nervios intercostales y su vascularización por ramas perforantes provenientes de los vasos torácicos internos. El músculo esternal presenta una alta variabilidad morfológica y su prevalencia se ve influenciada por factores raciales. Conocer esta variación muscular enriquece la capacidad diagnóstica y quirúrgica reduciendo la posibilidad de iatrogenia.