Acidic ribosomal proteins (ARPs) are highly conserved phosphoproteins in eukaryotic organisms. They participate in translation regulation by interacting with eEF-2 elongation factors in the peptide elongation process. During maize germination, protein synthesis is tightly regulated by different mechanisms that are not yet clearly understood. The objective of this research is to characterize the expression patterns of the two maize ARPs (P1 and P2) and their phosphorylated status in germinating maize embryonic axes. Expression of P1 and P2 mRNA transcripts was analyzed by Northern blots with specific cDNA probes. Results indicated that both transcripts are among the mRNA stored pool of the quiescent axes and each displays a distinctive expression pattern during germination. P1 and P2 synthesis initiates very early in germination, as demonstrated by [(35)S]methionine pulse-labeling experiments. This synthesis was not insulin/IGF-stimulated as the synthesis of the bulk of ribosomal proteins that was responsive to this stimulus. P1 and P2 proteins were purified from ribosomes of maize embryonic axes and their physicochemical characteristics determined. A cytoplasmic pool of dephosphorylated P1 and P2 proteins was found in axes of quiescent and germinated stages that freely assembled into the ribosomes. IEF analysis of ARPs revealed one P1 (P1-1) and two P2 (P2-1 and P2-2) forms in the ribosomes of 24 h germinated axes. Kinetic studies of ARP phosphorylation during germination revealed a specific order of phospho-ARP appearance, suggesting that this process is under regulation within this period. It is concluded that P1 and P2 phosphorylation rather than ARP expression or assembly into ribosomes is the main step that regulates ARP function in axes during maize germination.
Antecedentes: Salvia purpurea Cav., comúnmente conocida como “salvia moradita”, es una planta medicinal usada en Oaxaca, Veracruz y Chiapas por sus propiedades analgésica, antiinflamatoria y antidiarreica. Sin embargo, no existen evidencias científicas que soporten su potencial para el alivio del dolor. Hipótesis: Terpenos y compuestos fenólicos son responsables de la actividad antinociceptiva de extractos de S. purpurea. Especie estudiada: Salvia purpurea Cav. (Lamiaceae). Lugar de estudio y año: Salvia purpurea se colectó en Santiago Huauclilla, Oaxaca, en octubre de 2017. Métodos: La toxicidad aguda (Dosis letal media, DL50) de los extractos de acetona, metanol y acuoso de S. purpurea se determinó mediante el protocolo de la OCDE (2001). Los extractos se administraron vía oral (p.o.) en un rango de dosis de 3 a 300 mg/kg para evaluar el efecto antinociceptivo utilizando las pruebas de estiramiento abdominal y formalina en ratones. El análisis por HPLC se realizó para identificar la naturaleza de los metabolitos presentes en los extractos activos en comparación con sus respectivos estándares. Resultados: La toxicidad aguda de todos los extractos fue calculada como DL50 > 2000 mg/kg, p.o. El efecto antinociceptivo fue significativo en todas las dosis probadas y en forma no dependiente de la dosis para todos los extractos y en ambas pruebas. El análisis fitoquímico permitió identificar a compuestos de naturaleza terpénica y fenólica. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio refuerzan el uso como analgésico y antiinflamatorio de S. purpurea en la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana, donde terpenos y compuestos fenólicos participan en dichas actividades.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.