Background: The aesthetic appearance of gingiva is influenced by color, contour, interdental papilla and location of gingival margin. Crown lengthening is one of the surgical procedures performed to improve aesthetic problems. It can be performed by gingivectomy, with or without alveolar bone removal (osteotomy) to obtain a good crown and root ratios. Objective: To obtain better crown and root ratios, resulting in more aesthetic smile. Case Report: A 24-year-old woman presented with a complaint that the length of her anterior maxilla teeth was different. Extraoral examination showed a symmetric face with no abnormalities and the patient did not have a systemic disease. Intraoral examination showed that the gingival margins between teeth 11 and 21 was asymmetric, consistency of the gingiva was normal, there was no sign of inflammation and the pocket depth was 2–3 mm. The patient was given scaling in the first phase, and then the alignment of gingival margins of teeth 11–13 with teeth 21–23 was measured. Gingivectomy was performed on teeth 21–23 using scalpel no. 11, gingival contour was formed and the periodontal pack was applied. Results: The patient reported no complaints at the one-week follow-up and the gingival margin looked symmetrical one-month post-surgery. Conclusion: Crown-lengthening surgery with a gingivectomy procedure gives a good aesthetic result, in this case, characterized by a symmetrical gingival margin. Keywords: crown lengthening, gingivectomy, gingival aesthetics

Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions in the periodontal tissue caused by bacteria, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and environmental factors. The primary factor of periodontal disease is the proliferation of pathogenic biofilms of the oral cavity. The major problem in the treatment of periodontal disease is antibiotic resistance which has increased during the last decade. Lemongrass oil is considered as a popular and important medicinal plant due to its antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties which can be used for alternative options. This study aimed to conduct an integrative literature study on lemongrass essential oil against periodontal pathogens. A total of ten journals from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases were analyzed. The contents of the journals were the antibacterial properties of lemongrass essential oil compared based on inhibition zone, MIC value, and MBC. The results revealed that lemongrass essential oil had strong antibacterial potential, with an average concentration of 1-2% to inhibit the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia which were Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic to periodontal tissues. In conclusion, lemongrass essential oil is highly effective to inhibit the mentioned bacteria; therefore. it could be an alternative to avoid antibiotic resistance. Keywords: lemongrass essential oil; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans; Prevotella intermedia   Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal, yaitu gingivitis dan periodontitis merupakan kondisi peradangan pada jaringan periodontal yang melibatkan interaksi antara bakteri, respon imun, reaksi inflamasi, dan faktor lingkungan. Penyebab utama penyakit periodontal yaitu proliferasi biofilm patogen rongga mulut. Masalah utama dalam pengobatan penyakit periodontal ialah resistensi antibiotik yang telah meningkat selama dekade terakhir ini. Minyak serai dianggap sebagai tanaman obat yang populer dan penting karena memiliki sifat antibakteri, antijamur, antioksidan, antiseptik, antiinflamasi, analgesik, dan antipiretik yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pilihan. Studi ini merupakan studi pustaka integratif tentang minyak esensial serai terhadap bakteri patogen periodontal dengan menganalisis 10 jurnal dari database Google Scholar dan PubMed. Materi yang dianalisis dari jurnal ialah sifat antibakteri minyak esensial serai dengan membandingkan berdasarkan zona hambat, nilai MIC, dan MBC. Hasil penelitian mengung-kapkan bahwa minyak esensial serai memiliki potensi antibakteri yang kuat, dengan rerata konsentrasi 1-2% untuk menghambat bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actino-mycetemcomitans, dan Prevotella intermedia yang merupakan bakteri Gram negatif dan bersifat patogen terhadap jaringan periodontal. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah minyak esensial serai menghambat secara kuat ketiga jenis bakteri tersebut sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif untuk menghindari resistensi antibiotik. Kata kunci: minyak esensial serai; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans; Prevotella intermedia

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, weakness, headache, and diarrhea. The primary mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through direct or indirect inoculation of the mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth) with infectious respiratory droplets or fomites. Periodontal tissue can serve as a barrier to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in infected individuals. There are similarities between COVID-19 and periodontal disease, based on pro-inflammatory cytokines released by the body. A periodontal emergency arises when an acute condition involving the periodontium causes pain, forcing the patient to seek urgent care; therefore, most periodontal treatment can be considered as dangerous work compared to other dental procedures regarding the aspect of bioaerosol generation procedure. Transmission can occur through direct doctor-patient contact, as well as contamination from instruments or surfaces in the dentist’s practice room, and it is recommended to use PPE, to avoid aerosol splashes that occur during the work procedure, where aerosol granules and droplets can last 30 minutes after the treatment procedure is performed. The use of teledentistry is very important in periodontal care, in communication with patients regarding chief compliant, risk factor control, and oral hygiene instruction.

Background: pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissue around the crown of the erupting or partially impacted mandibular third molar, and usually occurs at the age of 20-29 years. This soft tissue is known as the operculum. Pericoronitis is caused by food debris trapped in the operculum and difficult to clean, causing inflammation that can be acute or chronic. Operculectomy is a surgical removal of operculum, can be performed using a scalpel, laser, and electrocautery. Case report: case 1: A 22-year-old female patient came with complaints of frequent pain in the left posterior gingiva and food was often trapped in the gingiva. Clinical examination showed inflammation in the operculum of an erupted tooth 38. Scaling, which is the first phase of treatment, is performed to remove plaque and calculus, followed by operculectomy. Case 2: A 20-year-old female patient was referred from orthodontic department with complaints of difficulty opening her mouth, pain in the left cheek and neck, the patient has been given antibiotic and analgesic. From clinical examination, tooth 38 had erupted with inflammation of the operculum. The patient was given antibiotics and follow-up analgesics to relieve the acute phase and scaling was done, then an operculectomy was performed after the patient was able to open her mouth. Conclusion: operculectomy with a scalpel is a procedure that can be performed in the treatment of pericoronitis to remove the operculum, this makes it easier for patients to maintain oral hygiene.