Objective To estimate the prevalence, incidence, and prognosis of back pain in children and adolescents. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We followed children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 18 years with and without back pain over 12 months (3, 6, and 12 months) from public and private schools. At baseline, parents (or guardians) answered questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics and perception of sleep quality of their children and adolescents. Children and adolescents answered questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics, presence of back pain, pain intensity, quality of life, and psychosomatic symptoms. At follow-up, children and adolescents answered questions about the presence of back pain. Results Six hundred fifteen children and adolescents were included, 163 of whom had back pain and 452 of whom had no back pain at baseline. The mean age of participants was 11.6 years (SD = 2.5), and the majority were female (n = 362; 59%). The 1-month prevalence of back pain was 26% (95% confidence interval: 23%–30%). The incidence rate of back pain was 35% (31%–40%) over 12 months. Of the 163 participants who had back pain at baseline, 83% had recovered by 12 months. Of those who recovered within 6 months, 31% had a recurrence of back pain at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Two to 3 in every 10 children and adolescents reported back pain in the last month. New cases of back pain were reported by 3–4 in every 10 children and adolescents for a period of 12 months. Nearly all children recover within 12 months, but recurrence seems to be common. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(8):554–562. Epub: 19 June 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10819

Background To translate and cross-culturally adapt into Brazilian-Portuguese, and to test the measurement properties of the following items of implementation outcome measures: Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Methods This was a measurement properties study in accordance with the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). We conducted a translation and cross-cultural adaptation of three implementation measures according to guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation, then we collected information from patients who had participated in remotely delivered physical therapy treatment for musculoskeletal condition. The patients answered the translated versions of the implementation outcome measures. The measurement properties of the three implementation outcome measures were collected in a test–retest assessment, with an interval of 7 to 14 days.. The measurement properties evaluated in this study were interpretability, measured using Ceiling and Floor Effects, reliability in test–retest evaluation, measured using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, internal consistency, measured using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and construct validity, measured using Pearson Correlation. Results We included 104 participants (76 female). The average age of the sample was 56.8 (SD 14.8) years old. The items of implementation outcome measures (AIM, IAM, and FIM) showed 66.39%, 63.11%, and 63.93% of ceiling effects. The items of implementation outcome measures showed adequate internal consistency measured using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient (AIM: 0.89, IAM: 0.91, FIM: 0.93) and values of Standard Error of Measurement between 5 and 10%, showing good measurement error. The results of AIM and IAM was classified as moderate reliability and the FIM as substantial reliability. In a total 96 correlations, > 75% of correlations met our prior hypothesis. Conclusion The three Brazilian-Portuguese versions of items of implementation outcome measures had adequate internal consistency, measurement error and construct validity. The three implementation outcome measures showed moderate to substantial reliability values. The Ceiling Effect was observed in the three measures, showing maximum values ​​in more than 15% of the evaluations.

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Introduction: Conservative treatments are usually the most indicated for the management of musculoskeletal pain; consequently, a detailed description of interventions enables the reproducibility of interventions in clinical practice and future research. The objective of this study is to evaluate the description of physical interventions for musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. Methods: We considered randomised controlled trials that included children and adolescents between 4 and 19 years old, with an acute or chronic/persistent musculoskeletal pain. We considered interventions including active and passive physical therapies – related to all types of physical modalities aimed to reduce the intensity of pain or disability in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. The description of interventions was assessed using the TIDieR checklist. We searched on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsyINFO and PEDro up to October 2021. The description of physical interventions was presented using frequencies, percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also calculated the total TIDieR score for each study. Results: We included 13 randomised controlled trials. The overall quality of description measured through the TIDieR checklist was poor, with an average of 11 (4.3) points out of 24. The item of the TIDieR that was mostly described was item 1 (brief name). The item that the description was mostly absent was item 10 (modifications). Conclusion: The descriptions of physical interventions for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents are usually poorly described, indicating the need for strategies to improve the quality of description to enable truly clinical reproducibility.