This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the valency properties of Czech deverbal nouns. It focuses on the forms of complementation they take. These can be typical, related to those of the source verbs, or special, without any relationship to them. We present an overview of these special shifts in valency. Special forms of participants have an impact on the syntactic behavior of the noun and its meaning. We argue that it is not always a plain shift in meaning but sometimes only a slight meaning nuance. Such nouns with special forms of participants require creating a new valency frame; they represent a separate category on the boundary between syntactic and lexical derivation.

Abstract:We introduce a corpus based description of selected adverbial meanings in Czech sentences. Its basic repertory is one of a long lasting tradition in both scientific and school grammars. However, before the corpus era, researchers had to rely on their own excerption; but nowadays, current syntax has a vast material basis in the form of electronic corpora available. On the case of spatial adverbials, we describe our methodology which we used to acquire a detailed, comprehensive, well-arranged description of meanings of adverbials including a list of formal realizations with examples. Theoretical knowledge stemming from this work will lead into an improval of the annotation of the meanings in the Prague Dependency Treebanks which serve as the corpus sources for our research. The Prague Dependency Treebanks include data manually annotated on the layer of deep syntax and thus provide a large amount of valuable examples on the basis of which the meanings of adverbials can be defined more accurately and subcategorized more precisely. Both theoretical and practical results will subsequently be used in NLP, such as machine translation.

Abstract:In order to optimize corpus searches for valency lexicon production, we analyse the relative frequencies of different combinations of valency complementations of Czech deverbal nouns in the Prague Dependency Treebank, considering differences between productively and non-productively derived nouns and their semantic class. We also classify combinations of forms of participants according to their frequency.

In order to describe non-systemic valency behavior of Czech deverbal nouns, we present results of an automatic comparison of valency frames of interlinked noun and verbal lexical units included in valency lexicons NomVallex and VALLEX. We show that the non-systemic valency behavior of the nouns is mostly manifested by non-systemic forms of their actants, while changes in the number or type of adnominal actants are negligible as for their frequency. Non-systemic forms considerably contribute to a general increase in the number of forms in valency frames of nouns compared to the number of forms in valency frames of their base verbs. The non-systemic forms are more frequent in valency frames of non-productively derived nouns than in valency frames of productively derived ones.

Przy opracowaniu walencji przymiotników i rzeczowników w słowniku walencyjnym należy zdecydować, czy możliwe jest opracowanie w jednym haśle ich form twierdzących i zanegowanych, np. (ne)závislý, (ne)závislost. Oprócz różnic w znaczeniu form twierdzących i zanegowanych, takich jak volnost (‘wolność’) vs. nevolnost(‘nudności’), ich różna walencja prowadziłaby również do opracowania specjalnego hasła (por. ang. dependent on vs. independent of). Nasza analiza korpusowa pokazuje, że zanegowane formy czeskich przymiotników i rzeczowników mają, z pewnymi wyjątkami, identyczną walencję przyimkową, jak ich formy twierdzące (np. (ne)spokojený s čím, (ne)spokojenost s čím), ale ich częstotliwość jest różna. Przy przetwarzaniu form twierdzących i zanegowanych w jednym haśle, oprócz zwykłych przypadków, należy traktować w jednolity sposób zarówno mniej udokumentowane formy zanegowane i ich walencję (np. nevděčný za něco), jak i jak i przypadki, w których frekwencja i walencja formy zanegowanej przeważa nad formą afirmatywną (nepostradatelný pro někoho). AbstraktPři zpracování valence adjektiv a substantiv ve valenčním slovníku je třeba rozhodnout, zda je možné jejich afirmativní a negované formy zpracovat v jednom hesle, např. (ne)závislý, (ne)závislost. Kromě rozdílů ve významu afirmativní a negované formy, např. volnost (svoboda) vs. nevolnost (nepříjemný tělesný stav), by k vydělení zvláštního hesla vedla také jejich odlišná valence (srov. anglické dependent on vs. independent of). Naše korpusová analýza ukazuje, že negované formy českých adjektiv a substantiv mají až na výjimky stejnou předložkovou valenci jako jejich afirmativní formy (např. (ne)spokojený s čím, (ne)spokojenost s čím), liší se však jejich frekvence. Při zpracování afirmativních a negovaných forem v jednom hesle je vedle běžných případů třeba jednotným způsobem ošetřit jak méně doložené negované formy a jejich valenci (např. nevděčný za něco), tak případy, kdy frekvence negované formy a její valence naopak převažuje nad afirmativníformou (nepostradatelný pro někoho).