Nanophthalmic uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is an extremely rare idiopathic disease characterized by a short axial length of the eye, extremely thick sclera and choroid. These structural changes can lead to spontaneous serous detachment of the retina and peripheral choroid. There are many other causes of UES such as trauma, inflammation, cataract surgery, glaucoma, or retinal detachment. UES is classified into three types. All are characterized by a relapsing-remitting clinical course. The loss of visual acuity ranges from mild to very severe, depending on macular involvement. Changes of the retinal pigment epithelium develop secondary after long-standing choroidal effusion and retinal detachment. Subretinal exudates could be seen and mistakenly diagnosed as chorioretinitis. UES can be very difficult to treat. The most commonly used treatment is surgery involving the creation of surgical sclerostomies (scleral window surgery) or partial thickness sclerectomies to support transscleral drainage. In our case, we present a bilateral nanophthalmic UES, which was misdiagnosed as bilateral ocular Vogt−Koyanagi−Harada disease. We documented the course of the disease and the results of the different surgical approaches in both eyes. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed in the right eye and a sclerectomy with sclerostomies in the left eye. In the left eye, even long lasting loss of visual acuity due to a serous retinal detachment was partially reversed.

Aim: Case report of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection in patient who was treated for bilateral retinoblastoma in early childhood. Material and methods: Patient at 1.5 years of age treated for endophytic retinoblastoma stage 4 (according to the Reese-Ellsworth classification) bilaterally, with a positive mutation in the Rb1 gene. After undergoing bilateral retinal laser treatment and 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy, the tumor remained inactive without other complications. At the age of 14, the boy developed visual impairment in his left eye with metamorphosis. Based on a local finding and other auxiliary examinations, he was diagnosed with CNV in the macular area at the interface of the tumor scar and the healthy retina of the left eye. Results: After three applications of anti-VEGF (antibodies blocking vascular endothelial growth factor) substance intravitreally (bevacizumab 1.2 mg), there was a reduction in CNV and also an improvement in visual function.

Wyburn-Mason syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary congenital neurocutaneous disorder leading to arteriovenous malformations. Malformations are characterized by an artery that is directly connected to veins without a capillary system and forms a fragile mass of abnormal vessels. It can be found in the midbrain, in the eyes, orbit, and rarely in cutaneous nevi. Neurological and ocular symptoms are the most common. Ocular signs and symptoms include abnormally dilatated vessels of conjunctiva, nystagmus, strabismus, vitreous hemorrhage, vein occlusions, retinal detachment, etc. Neurological symptoms may include headaches, paralysis, epistaxis, hydrocephalus, and hemiparesis. Imaging modalities such as MRI/CT angiography, optical coherence angiography, and fluorescein angiography are the most important for the identification of arteriovenous malformations. In our case report, we present an eight-month-old girl with an incidental finding of retinal angiomatosis on the left eye and was subsequently diagnosed with Wyburn-Mason syndrome. We compare the findings from the first visit to her clinical findings 20 years later.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the performance of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using power calculation formulas on different types of IOL. Materials and Methods: 120 eyes and four IOL types (BioLine Yellow Accurate Aspheric IOL (i-Medical), TECNIS ZCB00, TECNIS ZA9003 (Johnson & Johnson) (3-piece IOL) and Softec HD (Lenstec)) were analyzed. The performance of Haigis, Barret Universal II and SKR-II formulas were compared between IOL types. The mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute prediction error (MAE) were analyzed. Results: The overall percentage of eyes predicted within ±0.25 diopters (D) was 40.8% for Barret; 39.2% Haigis and 31.7% for SRK-II. Barret and Haigis had a significantly lower MAE than SRK-II (p < 0.05). The results differed among IOL types. The largest portion of eyes predicted within ±0.25 D was with the Barret formula in ZCB00 (33.3%) and ZA9003 (43.3%). Haigis was the most accurate in Softec HD (50%) and SRK-II in Biolline Yellow IOL (50%). ZCB00 showed a clinically significant hypermetropic ME compared to other IOLs. Conclusions: In general, Barret formulas had the best performance as a universal formula. However, the formula should be chosen according to the type of IOL in order to obtain the best results. Constant optimizations are necessary for the Tecnis IOL ZCB00 and ZA9003, as all of the analyzed formulas achieved a clinically significant poor performance in this type of IOL. ZCB00 also showed a hypermetropic shift in ME in all the formulas.