Mainly diagnosed at advanced stage, ovarian cancer still remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Regarding screening and early detection, ovarian cancer poses particular challenges. To date, no screening test has been proven capable of leading to a mortality benefit. In this short review, we summarize and discuss the underlying literature on screening for ovarian cancer, focusing on average-risk, asymptomatic women as well as women at high risk. We also discuss the continuous advances and limits in liquid biopsies for early detection and screening of ovarian cancer.Keywords Fallopian tube cancer · BRCA · CA125 · Ultrasound · Liquid biopsies Although ovarian cancer is rare with a lifetime risk of 1.3% and an incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 women per year, it is the 7th most common cancer and 6th most common cause of cancer death for women globally. In Europe, there were 67,771 new cases of ovarian cancer and 44,576 deaths in women in the year 2018. The majority of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, after the cancer has metastasized, leading to poor survival [1,2]. The term ovarian cancer includes a heterogenous group of malignant tumors arising from different precursor cells. The group of malignant nonepithelial ovarian tumors comprises germ cell tumors, sex cords stromal ovarian tumors, small cell car-