ä Patellar instability represents a common problem with an evolving understanding and multifactorial pathoetiology.Treatment plans should be based on the identification of contributing anatomical factors and tailored to each individual patient.ä Risks for recurrent instability are dependent on several patient-specific factors including patella alta, increased tibial tubercle-to-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia, younger skeletal age, and ligamentous laxity.ä Cartilage or osteochondral lesions and/or fractures are commonly observed in first-time patellar dislocation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be strongly considered. Advanced imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) or MRI, should also be obtained preoperatively to identify predisposing factors and guide surgical treatment.ä Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with anatomical femoral tunnel positioning is associated with lower recurrence rates compared with MPFL repair and has become a common and successful reconstructive surgical option in cases of instability.ä Lateral retinacular tightness can be addressed with lateral retinacular release or lengthening, but these procedures should not be performed in isolation.ä Tibial tubercle osteotomy is a powerful reconstructive tool in the setting of underlying skeletal risk factors for instability and can be of particular benefit in the presence of increased TT-TG distance (>20 mm), and/or in the setting of patella alta.ä The indications for trochleoplasty are still developing along with the clinical evidence, but trochleoplasty may be indicated in some cases of severe trochlear dysplasia. Several surgical techniques have indications in specific clinical scenarios and populations, and indications, risks, and benefits to each are progressing with our understanding.ä Combined femoral derotational osteotomy and MPFL reconstruction can be considered for patients with a femoral anteversion angle of >30°to improve patient outcomes and reduce recurrence rates.Patellar dislocations account for 3.3% of all knee injuries, with a reported rate of 42 per 100,000 persons per year 1,2 . These injuries most commonly occur in young girls and women, with >70% of first-time patellar dislocations taking place while participating in sport-related activity 1,3 . The majority of patellar dislocations occur in non-contact injuries when the knee is subject to valgus stress while extended during a planting or pivoting motion 3 . Common risk factors for recurrent lateral patellar instability include patella alta, increased tibial tubercleto-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia, younger skeletal age, and ligamentous laxity 4,5 . The overall recurrence rate after a first-time patellar dislocation is approximately 30%, but can increase to >70% when multiple risk factors are present 4 . Predisposing clinical and anatomical variables should Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://l...

Surgeon-performed intraoperative peripheral nerve blocks may improve operating room efficiency and reduce hospital resource utilization and, ultimately, costs. Additionally, these blocks can be safely performed intraoperatively by most orthopaedic surgeons, while only specifically trained physicians are able to perform ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks.IPACK (infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee) blocks are at least noninferior to periarticular infiltration when combined with an adductor canal block for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty.Surgeon-performed intraoperative adductor canal blocks are technically feasible and offer reliable anesthesia comparable with ultrasound-guided blocks performed by anesthesiologists. While clinical studies have shown promising results, additional Level-I studies are required.A surgeon-performed intraoperative psoas compartment block has been described as a readily available and safe technique, although there is some concern for femoral nerve analgesia, and temporary sensory changes have been reported.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of an advanced practice physiotherapist (APP) clinic in our paediatric institution and assess APP and orthopaedic surgeon satisfaction. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, all patient records from the APP clinic’s second year (March 2017 to March 2018) at CHU Sainte-Justine were reviewed. These were compared with the records of patients seen by orthopaedic surgeons within the gait clinic the year before implementing the clinic. The following data were collected: demographic, professional issuing referral, reason for referral, consultation delay, clinical impression, investigation, and treatment plan. We also documented every subsequent follow-up to rule out any diagnostic change and identify surgical patients. Clinician satisfaction was assessed by the Minnesota Satisfaction and PROBES Questionnaires along with a short electronic survey. Results Four hundred and eighteen patients were assessed by APPs and 202 by orthopaedic surgeons. APPs managed patients independently in 92.6% of cases. Nearly 86% of patients were discharged following the initial visit, and 7.4% were referred to a physiotherapist. Only 1% of APP patients eventually required surgery compared with nearly 6% in the orthopaedic group. The mean waiting time for consultation was greater in the APP group (513.7 versus 264 days). However, there was a significant reduction in mean waiting time over the last 3 months surveyed (106.5 days). Conclusions The feedback from all clinicians involved was positive, with a greater mean score on the Minnesota Satisfaction and PROBES Questionnaire for APPs. The APP gait clinic appears to be an effective triage clinic. Level of evidence III

HighlightsA rare case of lipoleiomyosarcoma.Patient presented at our center with paraplegia caused by a solitary vertebral metastasis of a uterine cancer.Lobectomy performed for a solitary lung metastasis.