PROVENCHER, VÉ RONIQUE, CATHERINE BÉ GIN, ANGELO TREMBLAY, LYNE MONGEAU, SONIA BOIVIN, AND SIMONE LEMIEUX. Short-term effects of a "Health-At-Every-Size" approach on eating behaviors and appetite ratings. Obesity. 2007;15:957-966. Objective: To assess the effects of a "Health-At-EverySize" (HAES) intervention on eating behaviors and appetite ratings in 144 premenopausal overweight women. Research Methods and Procedures: Women were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: HAES group, social support (SS) group, and control group (N ϭ 48 in each group). Interventions were conducted over a 4-month period, and measurements were taken before and after this period. Eating behaviors (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger) were evaluated by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Appetite ratings (desire to eat, hunger, fullness, and prospective food consumption) were assessed by visual analogue scales before and after a standardized breakfast. Results: More important decreases in susceptibility to hunger and external hunger were observed in the HAES group when compared with the SS group (p ϭ 0.05, for susceptibility to hunger) and the control group (p ϭ 0.02 and p ϭ 0.005, for susceptibility to hunger and external hunger, respectively). In addition, women from the HAES group had more important decreases in postprandial area under the curve for desire to eat (p ϭ 0.02) and hunger (p ϭ 0.04) when compared with the control group. The change in the desire to eat noted in the HAES group was also different from the one observed in SS group (p ϭ 0.02). Women from the HAES group experienced significant weight loss at 4 months (Ϫ1.6 Ϯ 2.5 kg, p Ͻ 0.0001), which did not differ significantly from the SS and control groups (p ϭ 0.09). An increase in flexible restraint was significantly related to a greater weight loss in both HAES and SS groups (r ϭ Ϫ0.39, p Ͻ 0.01; and r ϭ Ϫ0.37, p Ͻ 0.05, respectively). A decrease in habitual susceptibility to disinhibition was also associated with a greater weight loss in HAES and control groups (r ϭ 0.31, p Ͻ 0.05; and r ϭ 0.44, p Ͻ 0.05, respectively). Discussion: These results suggest that a HAES intervention could have significant effects on eating behaviors and appetite ratings in premenopausal overweight women, when compared with an SS intervention or a control group.

Importance: Developed in California to enable community-dwelling older adults to maintain healthy and meaningful activities, Lifestyle Redesign ® is a well-known cost-effective preventive occupational therapy intervention. The impact of a newly adapted French version on older French-Canadians was, however, unknown.Objective: To explore the influence of Lifestyle Redesign on older French-Canadians' health, social participation, leisure, and mobility.Design: A mixed-methods design included a preexperimental component (questionnaires administered before and after the intervention and 3 and 6 mo postintervention) and an exploratory descriptive qualitative clinical study. Individual semidirected interviews were digitally audiotaped and transcribed, then underwent thematic content analysis using mix extraction grids.Setting: Community.Participants: Sixteen volunteers (10 women) aged 65-90 yr (mean = 76.4, standard deviation = 7.6), 10 without and 6 with disabilities. Inclusion criteria were age ≥65 yr, normal cognitive functions, residence in a conventional or senior home, and French speaking.Intervention: French-Canadian 6-mo version of Lifestyle Redesign.

Easy-to-administer frailty and cognitive screening tools should be included in ED assessments to identify independent older adults at high risk of functional decline after minor injury so that appropriate services may be provided to prevent deterioration in ADLs.

The purpose of these two case studies was to explore the effectiveness of learning methods in dementia when applied in real-life settings and the integration of new skills in daily life functioning. The first participant, DD, learned to look at a calendar with the spaced retrieval method to answer his repeated questions about the current date and calls made to family. Progressive cuing was used by his wife to increase spontaneous use of the calendar, but DD had difficulty integrating the calendar into his routine. The second patient, MD, relearned a leisure activity (listening to music on a cassette radio) and how to participate in a social activity (saying the rosary in a group) with a combination of learning methods. Transfer of these skills in similar contexts was difficult for MD. She never integrated the cassette radio into her daily life routine but she went regularly to the rosary activity, which was cued by an alarm clock. In sum, the learning methods used were very effective with these patients but transfer and spontaneous use were difficult. Since these aspects are essential to rehabilitation, they should be further explored in order to increase the effectiveness of cognitive interventions.