A series of 4-(2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl)/4-pyrrol-1-yl benzoic acid hydrazide analogs, some derived triazoles, azetidinones, thiazolidinones, and pyrroles have been synthesized in good yields and structures of these compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv strain by the broth dilution assay method. Twenty one of these compounds displayed good antimicrobial activity, with a MIC value of 1-4 μg/ml. Several compounds 4c, 8-10, 15b-15h, and 16b-16d exhibited good in vitro antitubercular activity with MIC value 1-2 μg/ml. Further, some title compounds were also assessed for their cytotoxic activity (IC50) against mammalian Vero cell lines and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT assay method. The results revealed that these compounds exhibit antitubercular activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations.

One of the most commonly used over-the-counter medications for treating fever is Paracetamol. It is generally considered as a safe medicine. However few extremely uncommon occurrences of Toxic epidermal necrolysis TEN and Stevens-Johnson syndrome SJS have been documented in the past and are believed to be connected to Paracetamol use. It is imperative for doctors to be aware of serious unfavourable hypersensitivity reactions that can occur even with medications that are generally believed to be safe such as Paracetamol. SJS and TEN are both extremely serious hypersensitive reactions that necessitate protracted hospitalisation and intensive care. This case report discusses a similar case of severe hypersensitivity reaction to Paracetamol.

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of deaths despite several advancements in the current medical interventions. Among them, myocardial infarction (MI) is the most alarming disease as about 17.1 million peoples die every year due to MI. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effect of combination of standardized extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (SETC) (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and Ocimum sanctum (SEOS) (50 mg/kg) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI. Materials and methods: MI was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of ISO for 2 consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were pretreated with test drugs for the period of 21 days, and ISO was administered on the 20 th and 21 st days. At the end of experiment, i.e., on 22 nd -day electrocardiograph, a hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological study of heart tissues was evaluated from control and experimental groups and statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results: ISO-administered rats showed significant changes in electrocardiograph, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, biochemical markers, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology of heart. The activities of cardiac biomarkers were reduced in serum, and there was an increase in antioxidants in heart tissue of test drug-treated animals. Similarly, electrocardiograph, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were restored to normalcy in all test and standard drug-treated animals. Conclusion: The SETC 500 mg/kg in combination with SEOS 50 mg/kg was found to be effective in prevention of myocardial injury induced by ISO.

Cerebral is chemia is a syndrome characterized by rapid onset of neurological injury due to interruption of blood flow to the brain and it leads to various pathological modalities such as mitochondrial damage, neuronal cell death and also associated with oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. The present study reports the neuroprotective activity of Cod liver oil in cerebral ischemic rats. Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and Cod liver oil was evaluated at four different time points i.e., 30mins before cerebral ischemia (day 1), followed by 24, 48 and 72 hours post first dose. Biochemical parameters viz., lipid peroxidase (LPO), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein levels were estimated. The different doses of Cod liver oil have significantly improved the altered levels of LPO, AChE, GSH and total protein levels in treatment groups which prior undergone occlusion procedure for 10mins in rats. Histopathological observation supports the prevention in architecture of the brain due to the treatment with Cod liver oil against occlusion induced cerebral ischemia in rats. The results obtained from the study suggested that the neuroprotective effect of Cod liver oil was mediated through the antioxidant, free radical scavenging activity and also return of biochemical marker level near to normal values.