Nowadays, most human processes are automated by means of computerization. This process has not spared the automotive industry. The latest developments in this field give promise that in the near future, cars will be completely autonomous. However, before that, there is an urgent need to address a number of issues, such as increasing the angle of view for greater coverage of the road with minimal space curvature. It is known that when the angle of view increases, so does the distortion (a mismatch in geometric similarity between an object and its image). This mismatch significantly reduces the accuracy of recognition algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a calibration method for cameras. The paper deals with mathematical aspects of distortion and the method of calibration of automobile chambers, and calibration errors. The method of static calibration without the use of points at infinity using static templates is proposed. A conventional camera has a small field of view (about 80 degrees). Such angle of view does not provide full scanning of the space; as a result, some of the necessary information remains outside the field of view, which is crucial for automotive industry because road signs, pedestrians, traffic lights might be missed. Therefore, in case of car cameras, the angle of view is increased by introducing distortion aberration. In this case, the field of view increases, yet the geometric similarity between the object and its image is affected. This, in turn, can affect the accuracy of computer vision algorithms. In order to keep the field of view angle large and the similarity between the subject and the object, it is necessary to calibrate the camera. In this paper, a calibration method for wide-angle car cameras is proposed and considered.

Background. Analysis of statistical data showed that in most cases the cause of the accident is driver error and, as a consequence, violation of traffic rules. In this regard, over the past 10 years, active developments in the field of recognition of road signs and other obstacles in the path of a car have been actively developing. Car manufacturers offer ready-made built-in systems, mounted behind the interior rearview mirror and connected to the car’s on-board computer, which carries out further control of the car in a critical situation. The main disadvantage of these systems of this class is the low range of recognition of road signs, the dependence of optical parameters on temperature and low light sensitivity. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to model an athermal objective for a high-resolution camera, investigate the characteristics of lenses depending on the ambient temperature. Methods. Analysis and modeling of objectives, lenses, optical glass from different materials. Results. A high-resolution camera objective for all types of cars is proposed. An athermal objective was developed for a high-resolution camera. Conclusions. The optimized athermal design of the visible spectrum objective for long-range car cameras is considered. Car cameras typically have a fixed focus, and forward-facing cameras typically require relatively long focal lengths to provide information about distant objects. The optical system for these cameras should provide high resolution, as well as operate in a wide range of ambient temperatures. The camera design parameters are derived from the functional requirements of road sign recognition at a distance of 200 m. The objective design has five lenses with spherical surfaces. The objective has a relative aperture of f/2 and a modulation transfer function (MTF) of more than 0.5 at 111 l/mm over the entire temperature range.

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