Background and objectives: Hemodialysis procedure is one of the important replacement therapies for patients with renal failure. Maintenance hemodialysis is associated with many complications that play a significant role in the activities of daily living. The present study aimed to find out the factors affecting activities of daily living among patients with maintenance hemodialysis in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 patients undergoing mainte-nance hemodialysis for more than two months, and at least two times per a week at two dialysis centres in Erbil City from December 2019 to April 2020. The activities of daily living and complications from the hemodialysis procedure questionnaire to collect research da-ta. The data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical approach including fre-quency, percentages, and inferential statistical analysis consisting chi-square test. Results: According to the findings of the study, the majority of participants were above 51 years of age, able to read and write, with middle income, and from an urban area. Almost half of the study sample were males, and most were on hemodialysis between one and three years. The majority of them had hypertension and complications associated with he-modialysis such as headache and hypotension, and more than half had back pain. A highly significant association was found between dependency in activities of daily living and some socio-economic and clinical variables. Furthermore, a significant association was found be-tween dependency in activities of daily living and some hemodialysis complications with P<0.001. Conclusion: According to the result of the study, the researchers concluded that partici-pants suffered from chronic diseases, hemodialysis complications and low level of activities of daily living. The complications of hemodialysis treatment were significantly affecting the activities of daily living. Haemodialysis patients need more education and nursing care to reduce treatment complications and to increase their activities.

the Frommelt Attitudes toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) and demographics questionnaire designed and copyrighted by Katherine Frommlet in 1988. Results: The study indicated that there was positive attitude among study samples. Results showed that no significant relationship between attitudes score with gender, nurse education, and duration of service, while there was significant association between high attitudes score with older ages (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The nurse's attitudes toward dealing with dying cases were positive in the majority of related items, and there were no associations between gender, duration of experience, and level of education and their attitude, while it was found a significant association between ages and attitudes towards care of the dying. Keywords: Attitude, Care of Dying, Cardiac Centre. Salih A. Abdulla * Nazar Ali Sheren * Vian A. Naqshbandi ** Namir G. Al-Tawil *** Nurses' attitude toward the care …….

Background and objectives: Falls are significant cause of mortality and morbidity with a considerable burden on societies, families and victims. The study aims to determine the interventions and outcomes of fall-related injuries, and the association between injury se-verity and fall height. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 fall-related in-jured persons in West and East emergency hospitals in Erbil City from September 2020 to February 2021. Study sample demography, location of injury, place of affected body re-gions, outcome, and hospital stay were analyzed. Results: Of the 322 patients studied, 68.9% were males, and 31.1% were female. Less than half of the samples (48.8%) were between the ages 18 to 36 years old. The most common location for fall-related injuries was residential facilities (44.1%) followed by the place of work (35.1%). According to the type of fall, fall from ground was 38.4%, and fall from a fall height of 1-3 meters was 48.8%. Finally, according to the injury classification, more than half (56.5%) of the study sample had a significant degree of severity. The discharged status of disposition at the emergency room had the highest percentage (64.9%) of the study sample. There was a significant difference between the scores of the items of fall conse-quences and outcomes regarding to type of ground (soft or hard). There was a significant relationship between injury severity and fall height (p-value = 0.00). Conclusion: Fall-related injuries are the most common cases at emergency departments in Erbil city. Among ages 18 to 36, men are more frequently exposed to falls than women. The highest risk of fall is occupation with construction laborers at the greatest risk. Fall-related injury is a burden on the health care system, particularly on emergency services in developing countries like Iraq in relations cost of care and resources.

INTRODUCTION Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an increasing worldwide public health concern. It is distinguished by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that can lead to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), which necessitates therapy with Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) such as renal transplant or Hemodialysis (HD). HD is one of the most effective therapeutic techniques for patients with ESRD second to renal transplantation but is costly and tiresome therapy for patients with ESRD*1+ Current statistics indicate an increase in patient's life time Background and objectives: Chronic renal disease is one of the developing issues everywhere throughout the world. Health related quality of life is a critical, yet is disregarded part of chronic kidney disease care. Alongside survival and different kinds of clinical results, patient quality of life is an important marker of the effectiveness of the medical care they get. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Erbil city. Methods: A descriptive study design conducted in the Erbil Dialysis Centre and Dialysis unit at Erbil Teaching Hospital. The sample include 262 end stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis for at least 2 months, the Kidney Diseases Quality of Life short form questionnaire were used to obtain the information through structured interview. The study lasted from 24 March to 30 May 2018. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistical approach, chi-square test and person correlation analysis. Results: Participants were 262 patients with mean age of 55.55 ±13.831 years, 52.3% were female, 92% were married, 46.2% were illiterate and 66.4% were from rural area. The overall Quality of Life score was higher in male patients than female. About 61% of patients had below average Quality of Life. Regarding the Quality of Life domains, out of seven domains only two of them (symptoms/ problems and quality of social interaction domains) were at average level of quality of life, the rest domains were below average level. The results of the study revealed that there is significant relationship between Quality of Life score and level of education. Conclusion: According to the finding of the study, the patients with end stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis had poor Quality of Life in most domains and the study found that there were a significant relationship between patients education and there quality of life.

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