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In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.

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Soxhlet set up is used for the extraction of bio-oil from the seeds of Trichosanthes tricuspidata using various solvents (methanol, hexane, isopropyl alcohol). In the present study, the oil from solvent extraction method is investigated for the presence of fatty acid groups and also tested for suitability of this oil being used as a cheap source for producing bio-oil. The bio-oil extraction is influenced by various factors like time of extraction, types of solvent used for extraction and the production rate is also predominately influenced by the particle size of the sample (seed) for extraction. The analysis of the constituents in bio-oil produced is done through a GC-MS and the functional group is determined by FT-IR. This work is carried out in a lab scale and hence the extraction process is initiated with the particle size ranging from 1 mm, 0.55 mm and 3 mm with a variable time period of extraction such as 1, 2, 3 and 7 h. Particle size of 3 mm was selected in order to study the effect of solvent type. The experimental results have indicated the optimal condition for the highest yield of oil extraction of 20 % (w/w). The optimum values of extraction time and particle size are 180 min and 0.55 mm, respectively and also the experimental results have revealed isopropyl alcohol as the suitable extraction solvent.