El pescado es la base de la alimentación en comunidades costeras y se desconoce el grado de infestación parasitaria de las especies consumidas en Coveñas y Berruga, golfo de Morrosquillo, norte de Colombia. Fueron colectados peces de gran demanda comercial Scomberomorus brasiliensis (sierra), Centropomus undecimalis (róbalo), Lutjanus synagris (pargo chino), Caranx crysos (cojinúa) y Mugil incilis (anchoa), para establecer el grado de infección parasitaria por nemátodos anisákidos y su relación con el estado de salud. Solo róbalo con un porcentaje de prevalencia parasitaria (%PP) de 68 % y anchoa con 29 % presentaron infección. El róbalo en la época lluviosa presentó 72 % y en época seca 64 %, mientras que la anchoa arrojó 23 y 34 %, respectivamente. En promedio, la intensidad parasitaria por nemátodos en los peces fue de 12,18 ± 4,01 para róbalo y 9,11 ± 3,31 para anchoa, lo que probablemente está relacionado con sus distintos hábitos alimenticios, por cuanto el factor de condición (FC) indicativo del estado nutricional y de robustez del pez es óptimo para anchoa (1,11) y bajo para róbalo (0,73). Igualmente se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al FC en las cinco especies y las estaciones de muestreo (P = 0,0004 y P = 0,0000). Basados en la morfología observada en microscopio, se puede afirmar que los nemátodos aislados pertenecen a Contracaecum sp. correspondientes al tercer estadio larvar (L3).
The Morroa aquifer, which is an essential source of water supply in Sucre, Colombia, with more than 500,000 users, may be at risk because of pesticide contamination that comes from different agricultural activities. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of pesticides and the physicochemical properties of soils in the most vulnerable areas of the Morroa aquifer. Therefore, farmers were surveyed about pesticide usage and soil samples which were taken for analysis of pesticide and physicochemical properties. The results demonstrated that soils in these areas were relatively homogeneous in terms of texture, pH, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content. Pesticides detected in these soils were malathion, β-BCH, p-p’DDE, m-p’DDD, p-p’DDT, endosulfan, endrincetone, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, endosulfan-sulfate, heptachlor-epoxide, and parathion. Physicochemical properties such as pH and texture of soils and intrinsic characteristics of the pesticide were found as the most influential variables according to statistical results. This study also presents a map of the spatial distribution of pesticide concentration according to the concentration of pesticides, which constitutes an important tool for the planning of agricultural activities that supports decision-making and the implementation of measures to mitigate potential impacts caused by pesticide pollution.
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