Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims for the ideal that healthcare professionals make conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision-making. It seeks to assess the strength of the evidence for benefits of diagnostic tests and treatments, using techniques from science, engineering, and statistics, such as the systematic review of medical literature, meta-analysis, risk-benefit analysis, and randomized controlled trials. The limited success rate of EBM therapies suggests that the complex nature of hair loss may be inadequately served by the present levels of evidence, and that physicians treating hair loss may have fallen short of adequately researching a robust evidence to underpin their practices. Against this backdrop, the concept of precision medicine (PM) is evolving. PM refers to the customization of medical care to the patient’s individual characteristics based on the patient’s genetic background and other molecular or cellular analysis, while classifying patients into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular medical condition, in the biology or prognosis of those medical conditions, or in their response to a specific treatment. With the advances in hair research, the powerful tools of molecular biology and genetics, and innovative technologies, we have the robust scientific data and tools to adapt the concept of PM to the practice of trichiatry. Finally, databases pertaining to the development and efficacy of PM must be analyzed and be used to form the basis of evidence-based personalized trichiatry.

Few dermatologic problems carry as much emotional overtones as the complaint of hair loss. The best way to alleviate the distress related to hair loss is to effectively treat it. In fact, one of the oldest medical professions is the Egyptian physician who specialized on diseases of the head. And yet, from ancient Egypt down to modern times, human hair has been the object of superstition and mystery. Remarkably and despite the genuine advances in effective medical treatments, hair cosmetics, and surgical procedures, phony hair loss solutions continue to be marketed with an amazing success. In 1860, a quasi-scientific interest in hair loss and hair care originated in a London barbershop and became known as trichology, with the Institute of Trichologists being founded. Other corporations successively followed internationally, but it was only in 2010 that the term dermatotrichologist was proposed for board-certified dermatologists dealing with the scientific study of the hair and scalp, in contrast to the trichologist who is rather associated with laity and cosmetics than with medical professionalism, or – worse – offers opportunities to possible imposters with a primary commercial interest. The new term “trichiatrist” is proposed, literally meaning the “medical treatment of the hair,” to designate the strictly medical professional dealing with the hair and scalp in health and disease. Trichiatrists differ from trichologists by virtue of being physicians. The quality and stringency of their graduate medical training is identical to that of other physicians.

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