The phase state of a spin-triplet Josephson junction containing three ferromagnetic layers is magnetically controlled.

Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured for ferrimagnetic iron chalcogenide Fe 3 Se 4 nanoparticles in the whole temperature range below the Curie temperature T C (315 K). The coercivity of the material is huge, reaching about 40 kOe at 10 K. The magnetic anisotropy constant K was determined from the magnetic hysteresis loop using the law of approach to saturation. The deduced anisotropy constant at 10 K is 5:22 Â 10 6 erg=cm 3 , which is over one order of magnitude larger than that of Fe 3 O 4 . We also demonstrated that the experimental magnetic hysteresis loop is in good agreement with the theoretical curve calculated by Stoner and Wohlfarth for a noninteracting randomly oriented uniaxial single-domain particle system. Moreover, we show that K is proportional to the cube of the saturation magnetization M s , which confirms earlier theoretical models for uniaxial magnets. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

We present measurements of Josephson junctions containing three magnetic layers with noncolinear magnetizations. The junctions are of the form S/F /N/F/N/F /S, where S is superconducting Nb, F is either a thin Ni or Permalloy layer with in-plane magnetization, N is the normal metal Cu, F is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) with magnetization perpendicular to the plane, composed of Pd/Co multilayers on either side of a thin Ru spacer, and F is a thin Ni layer with in-plane magnetization. The supercurrent in these junctions decays more slowly as a function of the F -layer thickness than for similar spin-singlet junctions not containing the F and F layers. The slower decay is the prime signature that the supercurrent in the central part of these junctions is carried by spin-triplet pairs. The junctions containing F = Permalloy are suitable for future experiments where either the amplitude of the critical current or the ground-state phase difference across the junction is controlled by changing the relative orientations of the magnetizations of the F and F layers.

The General Collective Model (GCM) is revised and applied to the chain of ls2-196Hg -and 96-10SRu_isotopes ' Calculated energy spectra, absolute B(E2) values and Quadrupole moments are presented and compared to experiment. For many of these nuclei a coexistence of spherical and triaxial shapes was found. Additionally we investigated the shape transition within the Ru-chain from prolate (96Ru) over spherical (98Ru) to triaxial (A > 100). The results are compared to microscopic and IBA calculations.

Single-crystalline α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorings (short nanotubes) and nanotubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. High-resolution transmission electron microscope and selected-area electron diffraction confirm that the axial directions of both nanorings and nanotubes are parallel to the crystalline c-axis. What is intriguing is that the Morin transition occurs at about 210 K in the short nanotubes with a mean tube length of about 115 nm and a mean outer diameter of 169 nm while it disappears in the nanotubes with a mean tube length of about 317 nm and a mean outer diameter of 148 nm. Detailed analyses of magnetization data, x-ray diffraction spectra, and roomtemperature Mössbauer spectra demonstrate that this very strong shape dependence of the Morin transition is intrinsic to hematite. We can quantitatively explain this intriguing shape dependence in terms of opposite signs of the surface magnetic anisotropy constants in the surface planes parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis (that is, K s = -0.37 erg/cm 2 and K s⊥ = 0.42 erg/cm 2 ).