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The process of multimodal freight transportation on a railway loop is investigated, for which a multicriteria optimization model with time indicators is created, which is a nonlinear integer programming problem. The developed approach is based on egalitarian and utilitarian principles in the welfare theory and allows (along with Pareto optimal transportation plans) to find other plans that can be considered rational from the point of view of maintaining the balance of interests of the transportation process participants. A mathematical experiment is an effective heuristic tool in research. The algorithm for solving the optimization problem is implemented in the environment of a computer algebra system and brought to numerical results.

A multi-agent approach has been developed for solving the optimization transport-type problems. As an object of application, a multimodal system of transportation of grain cargoes with cost indicators is considered. The egalitarian principles of welfare theory implemented in the form of the Pareto criterion are used as the methodological basis of the research. A significant role belongs to the mathematical experiment as an effective tool for simulation modeling. The optimization algorithm developed in a mathematically oriented software environment makes it possible to effectively manipulate the values of cost indicators and constraints in the problem.

The issues of optimizing the functioning of logistical-type cargo distribution center (LFDC) are considered from an economic point of view. The research is carried out in order to identify the intensity of competition between the indicated centers in the oligopolistic market of transport and logistics services performed using road transport. A modification of the method of economic-geographical delimitation of «influence areas» of distribution centers has been developed for its application in cases where the supply chains include rail freight. Using the system of analytical calculations, a mathematically justified analysis of the territorial expression of the competitive environment created by the indicated centers in the transport hub was performed.