Despite the large amount of work on Transactional Memory (TM), little is known about how much liveness it could provide. This paper presents the first formal treatment of the question. We prove that no TM implementation can ensure local progress, the analogous of wait-freedom in the TM context, and we highlight different ways to circumvent the impossibility.
Despite the large amount of work on Transactional Memory (TM), little is known about how much liveness it could provide. This paper presents the first formal treatment of the question. We prove that no TM implementation can ensure local progress, the analogous of wait-freedom in the TM context, and we highlight different ways to circumvent the impossibility.
The history of distributed computing is full of trade-offs between safety and liveness. For instance, one of the most celebrated results in the field, namely the impossibility of consensus in an asynchronous system basically says that we cannot devise an algorithm that deterministically ensures consensus agreement and validity (i.e., safety) on the one hand, and consensus wait-freedom (i.e., liveness) on the other hand.The motivation of this work is to study the extent to which safety and liveness properties inherently exclude each other. More specifically, we ask, given any safety property S, whether we can determine the strongest (resp. weakest) liveness property that can (resp. cannot) be achieved with S. We show that, maybe surprisingly, the answers to these safety-liveness exclusion questions are in general negative. This has several ramifications in various distributed computing contexts. In the context of consensus for example, this means that it is impossible to determine the strongest (resp. the weakest) liveness property that can (resp. cannot) be ensured with linearizability.However, we present a way to circumvent these impossibilities and answer positively the safetyliveness question by considering a restricted form of liveness. We consider a definition that gathers generalized forms of obstruction-freedom and lock-freedom while enabling to determine the strongest (resp. weakest) liveness property that can (resp. cannot) be implemented in the context of consensus and transactional memory.
Работа посвящена нахождению наибольшего прогрессивного решения параллельного автоматного уравнения C ◊ X ≅ S, где C и S -конечные полностью определенные автоматы, на основе удаления непрогрессивных последовательностей из наибольшего решения уравнения. Именно прогрессивные решения, в композиции которых с автоматом C отсутств уют заведомо тупиковые ситуации, интересны с практической точки зрения.Ключевые слова: конечный автомат, параллельная композиция, автоматное уравнение, прогрессивное решение.иначе автомат называется частичным. Рассмотрим автоматы S = (S, I, O, T S , s 0 ) и Q = (Q, X, Y, T Q , q 0 ). Если 1 Работа частично поддержана грантом РФФИ 06-08-89500.
Дана стаття присвячена розробці та реалізації нової математичної моделі для здійснення оцінки завадостійкості тракту виявлення радіосигналу. Дана модель розроблена для тракту виявлення радіосигналу, який складається з одиничного резонансного контуру-квадратичного детектора та ідеального інтегратора. Описані робочі характеристики цього тракту за допомогою математичних формул. Змодельовано функцію завади у вигляді одиничного імпульсу. Проведено аналіз побудованих графіків, які підтверджують адекватність розробленої моделі завадостійкості обраного тракту виявлення радіосигналу. Отриманні результати можна використовувати для визначення характеристик для різних моделюючих функцій завад.
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