Perovskite solar cells with mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layers have previously reached >22 % efficiency at the laboratory scale (<1 cm2), however, these layers are fabricated using spin‐coating, which is not conducive to large‐scale or high throughput fabrication. This report describes the inkjet printing of open‐pore mesoporous TiO2 thin films, perovskite thin films, and the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells using these films. Ink formulation and characterization studies, inkjet deposition optimization trials, film characterization, and comparison to spin‐coated layers are described. The printed TiO2 films exhibited an open‐pore morphology and homogeneous surface coverage in films ranging from 1 mm2 to >10 cm2. Perovskite solar cells with printed and pristine (un‐doped) inkjet‐printed TiO2 layers yielded efficiencies of 18.29 %, which were found to outperform cells made with spin‐coated and pristine TiO2 layers (16.91 %). When a quadruple‐cation perovskite absorber containing Cs, formamidinium, methylammonium, and guanidinium was deposited by inkjet‐printing onto the inkjet‐printed TiO2 layer, nearly 12 % average efficiency was reached, with the champion cell reaching 14.11 %. This absorber exhibited higher efficiency and stability than did inkjet‐printed MAPbI3 films deposited on the inkjet‐printed TiO2 film.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), designed mainly for mobility applications, converts chemical energy to electrical energy. The formation of electrodes for PEMFC is a delicate balancing of transport media....

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The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is usually studied in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions. However, the main disadvantages of this method are high hydrogen evolution and low faradaic efficiencies of carbon-based products. Supercritical CO (scCO ) can be used as a solvent itself to suppresses hydrogen evolution and tune the carbon-based product yield; however, it has received little attention for this purpose. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the electrochemical reduction of scCO . The conductivity of scCO was increased through the addition of supporting electrolyte and a cosolvent (acetonitrile). Furthermore, the addition of protic solutions of different pH to scCO was investigated. 1 m H SO , trifluoroethanol, H O, KOH, and CsHCO solutions were used to determine the effect on current density, faradaic efficiency, and selectivity of the scCO reduction. The reduction of scCO to methanol and ethanol are reported for the first time. However, methane and ethylene were not observed. Additionally, corrosion of the Cu electrode was noticed.