Background: Exergaming is a fun, engaging, and interactive form of exercising and it may help overcome some of the traditional exercise barriers and help improve adherence by older adults providing therapeutic applications for balance recovery and functional mobility. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the effects of exergames in older adults’ mobility and balance. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The following databases were searched from inception to August 2019: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL and INSPEC. We selected randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of exergames on balance or mobility of older adults without neurological conditions, in comparison to no intervention or health education. Two review authors independently screened the trials titles and abstracts and identified trials for inclusion according to the eligibility criteria. Trial selection presented an almost perfect agreement between the authors regarding the interrater reliability (kappa = 0.84; p<0,001). Then, a descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed to summarize the evidence. Meta-analysis was carried using Revman. Random effects model was used to compute the pooled prevalence at 95% confidence interval. Results: After screening 822 trials, twelve trials comparing exergames with no intervention were included. A total of 1520 older adults participated in the studies, with mean age of 76±6 years for the experimental group and 76±5 years for the control group. Three studies found significant improvements in balance based on center of pressure sway and Berg Balance Scale scores. Three studies found improved mobility based on the timed up and go, 30-second chair stand, and 8-foot up and go test. Conclusions: Exergames improved balance and mobility in older adults without neurological disorders. High quality studies with standardized assessment protocols are necessary to improve evidence.

Background: Stigma is present during the lifespan of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); consequently, instruments to assess this psychosocial aspect are necessary. Few instruments are validated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. We aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate psychometric properties of the CF stigma scale. Methods: We conducted an exploratory study of cross-cultural adaptation involving translation, back translation, revision by an expert committee, and a pre-test. Psychometric properties (content validity, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity) were analyzed based on the adapted version of the scale and responded by 52 Brazilian individuals with CF older than 18 years. Results: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation obtained kappa indexes higher than 0.61 on the expert committee phase and between 0.48 and 0.72 on pre-test. The Brazilian version of CF stigma scale showed excellent psychometric properties: i) internal consistency, α = 0.836; ii) mean correlation between items and test-retest: r = 0.886, p < 0.0001; and iii) convergent validity, CF stigma scale correlated positively with anxiety scale and negatively with general and specific scores of quality of life in CF. Conclusion: CF stigma scale was adequately translated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version favor its use in future studies regarding stigma conducted with Brazilian individuals with CF.

Background: Stigma is present during the lifespan of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); consequently, instruments to assess this psychosocial aspect are necessary. Few instruments are validated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. We aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate psychometric properties of the CF stigma scale. Methods: We conducted an exploratory study of cross-cultural adaptation involving translation, back translation, revision by an expert committee, and a pre-test. Psychometric properties (content validity, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity) were analyzed based on the adapted version of the scale and responded by 52 Brazilian individuals with CF older than 18 years. Results: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation obtained kappa indexes higher than 0.61 on the expert committee phase and between 0.48 and 0.72 on pre-test. The Brazilian version of CF stigma scale showed excellent psychometric properties: i) internal consistency, α = 0.836; ii) mean correlation between items and test-retest: r = 0.886, p < 0.0001; and iii) convergent validity, CF stigma scale correlated positively with anxiety scale and negatively with general and specific scores of quality of life in CF. Conclusion: CF stigma scale was adequately translated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version favor its use in future studies regarding stigma conducted with Brazilian individuals with CF.