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Increased cattle ranching in Neotropical landscapes has led to human–wildlife conflicts that complicate the relationship between agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. We review the literature related to conflicts between livestock production and the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, specifically, the factors that influence the incidence of problems caused by bites to cattle. We summarise the strategies proposed to reduce these problems and propose actions from the perspectives of cattle management, landscape ecology and the biology of the common vampire bat. The literature shows that free‐range extensive management systems, where cattle graze in areas with forest cover, near riparian zones, caves, secondary vegetation (generally shrublands and immature trees), and vegetation fragments and edges, increase the implications and the severity of the conflict. As a result of different selection forces, the wing morphology and echolocation characteristics of the common vampire bat facilitate its movement under these landscape conditions, thus favouring a scenario of greater interaction with cattle. We propose the establishment of a ‘buffer zone’ to separate the cattle as far as possible (at least 1 km) from the elements of the landscape that are key for the movement patterns of common vampire bats in cattle ranching areas. The feeding events of this species are positively associated with host availability and landscape elements that provide habitat and connectivity, which shows that the cause of this conflict originates from the process of cattle production and the invasion of the habitat of the common vampire bat. Anti‐rabies vaccination programmes in cattle and forest–cattle separation are the most important strategies to minimise conflict and prevent rabies outbreaks.

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Species that are functionally equivalent but with little taxonomical relationship may display similar genetic patterns if the ecological function evolves genetically in the same way. This study investigated the levels of genetic diversity in the D-Loop gene of random samples collected from 21 bat species inhabiting El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO, for its acronym in Spanish), and whether the genetic diversity pattern could be associated with the ecological role. Genetic differences between functional groups, localities, and species were evaluated through generalized linear models using the Gaussian distribution error family for nucleotide diversity (p) and the Poisson family for haplotype diversity (h) and segregating sites (s). To study the clustering pattern of species based on nucleotide variation, genetic distances (Kimura's two-parameter model) between functional groups were calculated, and a Principal Components Analysis on genetic diversity parameters was run. Most of the species analyzed (20) maintained genetic diversity levels ranging from medium to high in all genetic diversity estimators. According to genetic distances, the species with the same ecological function shared a greater number of nucleotide substitutions, with some exceptions. The Principal Components Analysis did not detect any genetic structure in relation to the ecological function. Our study found no association between the diversity of the D-Loop gene and ecological function; nonetheless, it confirms the importance of REBISO as a reservoir of bat species richness and genetic diversity in Mexico.