Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic option for managing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). CDI is a significant health concern, particularly in antibiotic-resistant cases impairing the quality of life among the patient population. This systematic review aims to pool current clinical trial evidence of FMT (RBX2660) success rates when used for recurrent CDI in the clinical trial setting. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, the following databases were systematically searched: Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. There were no time or language restrictions. The following keywords were used in all the databases: fecal, microbiota, transplantation, recurrent, Clostridium difficile, infection, and antibiotic-resistant. Only clinical trials, controlled or single-arm, were included in this systematic review. Results: A total of five clinical trials, of which four were phase II, and one was phase III, were included. Seven hundred ninety-five participants were pooled across all trials. Patients were included in the trials with 1-2 recurrent CDI. In most cases, they had undergone standard antibiotic therapy before enrolling. The treatment success rate in the RBX2660 intervention group was 69.5% (335/482) compared to 49.6% (123/248) in the placebo group. The intervention was safe and effective, with no grade III or higher adverse events reported in treating recurrent CDI. Conclusion: RBX2660, recently approved as a therapy for recurrent CDI in the United States, is a significant milestone in expanding treatment options. This study reports the potential benefits of FMT and other microbiota-based therapies. While many challenges require addressing, including sample control and patient compliance, FMT is heading toward ongoing acceptance in the broad medical community.

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) remains one of the most common and severe underdiagnosed congenital cardiac anomalies in the prenatal period. Unfortunately, despite advances in prenatal ultrasound screening, the detection rate of major congenital heart defects (CHDs) remains low. We present the case of a preterm male infant delivered limp with generalized cyanosis and in respiratory distress at 36 weeks gestation with postnatal echocardiography (ECHO) depicting dextro-TGA (d-TGA). Maternal prenatal targeted fetal anomaly ultrasonography at 18 weeks gestation showed abnormal right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract. Subsequent two-time repeat fetal ECHO showed ventricular septal defect. This case represents how challenging and unrecognized critical CHDs can be. Furthermore, it highlights the need for clinicians to have a high index of suspicion when newborns present with clinical manifestations of critical CHDs and manage it accordingly to avoid severe complications.