Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

Summary:There is limited experience in the use of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for allogeneic transplantation in children. In the present study we compared engraftment kinetics, incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the outcome and economic costs of allogeneic PBPCT vs BMT in children with ALL in a single institution. All children were transplanted in complete remission (CR) with a similar conditioning regimen and the same GVHD prophylaxis. Patients undergoing PBPCT achieved myeloid and platelet engraftment before patients undergoing BMT (P Ͻ 0.001). Platelet recovery was faster for the PBPCT group (P Ͻ 0.014 for 50 × 10 9 /l and P Ͻ 0.039 for 100 × 10 9 /l). Incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD were similar in both groups (acute grade 1-2: 9/13 for PBPCT vs 9/11 for BMT; chronic GVHD: 5/12 for PBPCT vs 3/8 for BMT). Hospital stay was shorter for the PBPCT than for the BMT group (28.8 days vs 42.9 days, respectively) and the PBPCT group used less clinical resources, resulting in overall lower cost for PBPCT (US $14 046) compared to BMT (US $19840). There was no statistically significant difference in DFS between PBPCT and BMT (68.4% vs 50%, respectively). Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 26, 269-273.

Summary:There is limited experience in the mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in children and the optimal method for PBPC mobilization is unknown. The present study was conducted to ascertain whether mobilization with G-CSF + GM-CSF (group I) provides some advantage over G-CSF alone (group II) in terms of collected CD34 + cells and hematopoietic recovery following myeloablative conditioning in children with malignancies. An economic analysis was also performed. Each group comprised 21 consecutive patients. The mean number of aphereses was 1.5 ± 0.5 in group I and 1.2 ± 0.46 in group II (NS). The mean number of CD34 + cells was 3.8 × 10 6 ± 4.03/kg in group I and 4.2 ± 5.4 in group II (NS). The mean number of total blood volumes (TBV) processed was 4.4 ± 1.5 in group I and 4.3 ± 1.5 in group II (NS). The mean duration of the procedure was 276 ± 74.1 min in group I and 286.7 ؎ 75.9 min in group II (NS), and the inlet flow was 45.1 ؎ 12 ml/min in group I and 39.5 ؎ 15.1 ml/min in group II (NS). No significant differences in the neutrophil and platelet engraftment probability were observed between the two groups. The mean overall cost of group II was not statistically significant from that of group I (US$ 9521 ؎ 330 vs US$ 10 201 ؎ 1028, P = NS). The cost of mobilization was significantly higher in group I than in group II, conditioning regimen costs were similar in both groups and the costs related to the post-transplant period were similar in both groups. We conclude that PBPC mobilization with G-CSF + GM-CSF in children does not enhance hematological recovery in comparison with mobilization using G-CSF alone. However, the combination of G-CSF + GM-CSF does not significantly increase the overall cost of transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 26, 365-369. Keywords: growth factor; G-CSF; GM-CSF; PBPC; stem cell transplantation; malignant disease Over the past decade, several reports have shown that mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) can be used for autologous transplantation in pediatric patients. [1][2][3]

This therapeutic protocol achieved good oncologic and orthopaedic results. We observed a significant treatment-related toxicity.