Financial risky decisions and evaluations pervade many human everyday activities. Scientific research in such decision-making typically explores the influence of socio-economic and cognitive factors on financial behavior. However, very little research has explored the holistic influence of contextual, emotional, and hormonal factors on preferences for risk in insurance and investment behaviors. Accordingly, the goal of this review article is to address the complexity of individual risky behavior and its underlying psychological factors, as well as to critically examine current regulations on financial behavior.

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Making morally sensitive decisions and evaluations pervade many human everyday activities. Philosophers, economists, psychologists and behavioural scientists researching such decision-making typically explore the principles, processes and predictors that constitute human moral decision-making. Crucially, very little research has explored the theoretical and methodological development (supported by empirical evidence) of utilitarian theories of moral decision-making. Accordingly, in this critical review article, we invite the reader on a moral journey from Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism to the veil of ignorance reasoning, via a recent theoretical proposal emphasising utilitarian moral behaviour—perspective-taking accessibility (PT accessibility). PT accessibility research revealed that providing participants with access to all situational perspectives in moral scenarios, eliminates (previously reported in the literature) inconsistency between their moral judgements and choices. Moreover, in contrast to any previous theoretical and methodological accounts, moral scenarios/tasks with full PT accessibility provide the participants with unbiased even odds (neither risk averse nor risk seeking) and impartiality. We conclude that the proposed by Martin et al. PT Accessibility (a new type of veil of ignorance with even odds that do not trigger self-interest, risk related preferences or decision biases) is necessary in order to measure humans’ prosocial utilitarian behaviour and promote its societal benefits.

The article theoretically substantiated the approach to the study of cultural trauma through the analysis of memories of generations, characterized by signs of injury. Scientific tasks involved the identification of events that construct two generations of memories of a particular historical period and an analysis of how these events can be characterized as a cultural trauma. The study used survey methods and in-depth interviews. The sample was 83 respondents. The content of collective memories testifies to the marked signs of cultural trauma, which is associated with a certain historical period: for the generation of 1961—1975. These are the events of the late 80s — early 90s, which determine the beginning of changes in the political and economic system: perestroika, the collapse of the USSR; for the generation of “children of war”, this event is the Great Patriotic War and the postwar period. Theoretical analysis and empirical research suggest that cultural trauma is reflected in the memories of generations. The study also recorded post-memory processes, — the attitude of the younger generation to the traumatic events of the twentieth century, which are beyond personal experience.