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The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was notable for a record-setting 30 named storms while, contemporaneously, the COVID-19 pandemic was circumnavigating the globe. The active spread of COVID-19 complicated disaster preparedness and response actions to safeguard coastal and island populations from hurricane hazards. Major hurricanes Eta and Iota, the most powerful storms of the 2020 Atlantic season, made November landfalls just two weeks apart, both coming ashore along the Miskito Coast in Nicaragua's North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. Eta and Iota bore the hallmarks of climate-driven storms, including rapid intensification, high peak wind speeds, and decelerating forward motion prior to landfall. Hurricane warning systems, combined with timely evacuation and sheltering procedures, minimized loss of life during hurricane impact. Yet these protective actions potentially elevated risks for COVID-19 transmission for citizens sharing congregate shelters during the storms and for survivors who were displaced post-impact due to severe damage to their homes and communities. International border closures and travel restrictions that were in force to slow the spread of COVID-19 diminished the scope, timeliness, and effectiveness of the humanitarian response for survivors of Eta and Iota. Taken together, the extreme impacts from hurricanes Eta and Iota, compounded by the ubiquitous threat of COVID-19 transmission, and the impediments to international humanitarian response associated with movement restrictions during the pandemic, acted to exacerbate harms to population health for the citizens of Nicaragua.

En 2010, se evaluó la severidad de pudrición de mazorca y el rendimiento de 21 híbridos comerciales en dos localidades y fechas de siembra (Santa Lucía de Prías, Coatlinchán, Texcoco, Estado de México y San Luis Huamantla, Tlaxcala). Para medir la severidad de pudrición de mazorca, se utilizó una escala de severidad. Se analizaron muestras de semillas con diferente grado de severidad de pudrición, para determinar las especies de hongos del género Fusarium. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y separación de medias para identificar los híbridos sobresalientes en rendimiento y con menor severidad. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< 0.001), para rendimiento y severidad en las dos localidades estudiadas. En Santa Lucía los híbridos sobresalientes en ambas fechas de siembras fueron HGVC- 2 y Prospecto 4, con un rendimiento promedio de 10.36 y 10.28tha-1,respectivamenteyunaseveridadponderadade 8.99 y 15.16%, respectivamente. En San Luis Huamantla, el rendimiento fue significativo (p< 0.0022), los híbridos que tuvieron el mayor rendimiento fueron HP-1, Prospecto 4 y H-52 (10.27, 10.07 y 9.93 ha-1, respectivamente), en cuanto a la severidad calculada el híbrido Prospecto 1, presentó una severidad ponderada de 13%. Las especies de Fusarium asociadas a la pudrición de mazorca, aisladas a partir de semillas con diferentes grados de severidad, fueron: Fusarium verticilloides, F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum y Cephalosporium sp.

Currently Colombia does not have enough studies on avocado sensory quality. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the harvest index and storage duration on avocado sensory quality. Avocado fruit were harvested from 5 farms in Antioquia. Sensory descriptors were evaluated on a scale from 0 to 5, and general quality (GQ) was evaluated from 0 to 3. Fruit with low GQ exhibit hard, wet, and fibrous textures; they taste green, astringent, spicy, sour, umami, and acid, and the odor is sour, green, and acid. Fruits have a low sensory quality at the beginning of the harvest season. As DM content increases, the sensory quality improves. Orchard location and fruit storage duration influenced its sensory descriptors and general quality.