William Perry's intellectual scheme set the stage for future theory building related to the cognitive development of college students.

Kegan's orders of consciousness are useful in developing a holistic understanding of college students' ways of knowing that incorporates their thinking, feeling, and social relating.

Current research on moral development, reflective judgment, and character development provides new understanding of the ways in which respect for cultural and gender differences develops.

King and Kitchener's model of reflective judgment provides a framework for educators to help students enhance their problem‐solving ability by learning to make defesible judgments about vexing problems.

BackgroundThe global prison population exceeds 10 million. Drinking at levels that put a person at risk of health or social harms is a recognised public health concern in remand prisoners. We aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of an alcohol brief intervention for adult men on remand in prison and to develop an appropriate alcohol brief intervention and protocol for a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial.Methods We used mixed-methods design in two prisons in the UK (one in Scotland and one in England). Individuals were given information leaflets before the study and consent was obtained from all participants. We used a survey that included questions relating to alcohol use (using the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and semi-structured interviews to explore feasibility, and acceptability of an intervention trial, to collect data between June 16, 2016, and Nov 25, 2016.