Common stressors amongst postsecondary students are exam-induced anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study was to measure stress alterations in the student population around examinations and determine how they affect electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles and memory scores. Twenty university students were measured multiple times in the study. During each measurement, participants were administered a cortisol saliva test and an EEG. We hypothesized that cortisol levels, memory scores, and EEG profiles would all demonstrate changes near examinations. The brain regions of interest (ROIs) were the parahippocampal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus. Results demonstrated that memory performance and parahippocampal activity were correlated, specifically in the 5–9 Hz frequency band. Correlations were also computed between cortisol levels, memory performance, and parahippocampal activity. The medial frontal gyrus also displayed changes in the mean (19–20 Hz) current source density (CSD) throughout the experiment. The middle frontal gyrus activation was highly variable during the different measurement time points. Essentially, when an individual’s memory scores were consistent between exam and nonexam trials, there was an increase in middle frontal gyrus activation during examination periods. Lastly, the right parahippocampal gyrus was found to be the most activated one day away from examination time. These results indicate that memory scores are related to cortisol levels and examination periods, but most importantly, there are overt and predictable alterations in student EEG profiles near examinations.
A multitude of experiments have applied magnetic fields to plants or seeds and found a variety of different and sometimes contradicting results. A magnetic field generating device called the Chrysalis resonator has been shown to influence the brain activity of human participants, the photon emissions from bacteria, mammalian cell cultures and water. In this experiment sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus) were allowed to begin germination and then exposed to either the field generated by the Chrysalis resonator or a sham condition. Their growth and photon emissions were taken over the next 5 days. It was found that the seeds showed less germination 48 hours after exposure and significantly higher photon emissions when 3 seeds were measured together in a dish, but not if 2 seeds or 1 seed were measured. There were no significant differences in the photon measurements from the water the seeds were germinating in. These results may indicate that the seeds became more sensitive to the presence of neighbouring seeds. The photon emissions results were also significantly impacted by external weather conditions.
Some species of fish show highly evolved mechanisms by which they can detect exogenous electric and magnetic fields. The detection of electromagnetic fields has been hypothesized to exist in humans, despite the lack of specialized sensors. In this experiment, planaria were tested in a t-maze with weak electric current pulsed in one arm to determine if the planaria showed any indication of being able to detect it. It was found that a small proportion of the population seemed to be attracted to this current. Additionally, if the experiment was preceded by a geomagnetic storm, the planaria showed a linear correlation increase in the variability of their movement in response to the presence of the weak electric field. Both of these results indicate that a subpopulation of planaria show some ability to respond to electromagnetic fields.
Biophoton emission is produced by all living systems; this emission pattern has been shown to be altered by the presence of an electromagnetic field (EMF). Cultures of B16-BL6 cells were exposed to a weak EMF produced by a specially constructed EM generator, called the "Resonator", for one hour. This EM generator incorporates multiple geometric ratios in its design, including the golden ratio (phi), pi, root 2, root 3, and root 5. It has been used previously to purify water of toxins. There was a significant decrease in mean photon counts from B16-BL6 cells exposed at a distance of 1 m compared to those exposed at 0 m. Alterations in the spectral power density variability were also observed in the 8-10 Hz range. The EM generator may have an impact on the viability of the exposed cell cultures, but only at specific distances.
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