occurs after cement PIacement. Sufficient delays in the loss of pressure are obtained for an API fluid-The fluid-loss behavior of cement slurries 1oss requirement in the range of 10 to 30 mL/30 min against permeable formations and its relationship to with the actual value dependent upon wel1bore geominterzonal fluid migration have been investigated. etry, overbalante pressure, mud fluid-1oss properties Static fluid-loss testing, designed to simulate cement and cement S1urry design. PIaced in a wal1bore, has shown that the cement fluid-10SS rate through a deposited mud filter cake decreases with time.This decrease in fluid-loss rate INTRODUCTION is dependent upon the designed fluid-1oss properties of the cement S1urry, and significantly influences the During the dril1ing and completion of oil and gas loss of hydrostatic pressure required to control reservoirs, formation fluids are contained by the formation fluids. Once the pressure starts to decay, hydrostatic pressure exerted by the wellbore fluids. formation fluids can potentially enter the wellbore The loss of hydrostatic pressure during drilling causing ineffective zonal isolation and, in some operations can result in well blowouts and "gas kicks" cases, gas migration to the surface. at the surface.1 Hydrostatic pressure loss after wellbore completion also permits the invasion of The mechanism described indicates that hydroformation fluids into the wellbore.2'3 Unlike drilstatic pressure is initially transmitted after cement ling operations, the problem of fluid migration after placement.During this period, fluid loss to the completion is compounded since the cement has been surrounding formation is compensated for by an equal permanently placed in the wellbore. The result may be decrease in slurry volume.The resulting changes in poor zonal isolation, annular pressure buildup, gas the solid-to-water ratio and gelation properties flow to surface and conrnunication with nonproductive coupled with the growth of the cement filter cake or productive zones. cause the pressure against the formation to eventually decrease.The rate of pressure decrease is dependent Several investigators have assumed that the upon the fluid-loss rate and the slurry's compress-hydrostatic pressure loss is due to volumetric changes ibility.Once the pressure approaches the formation associated with cement hydration and fluid loss to pressure, interzonal fluid flow through the cement permeable formations.2-lg Other reported reasons for slurry occurs with its rate initially governed by the fluid flow are poor cement placeinenttechniques,q high cement fluid-loss rate. cement free water [sedimentation], ll cement gellin properties12-16 and excessive thickening times.~9 Several correlations have been made relating

QWUM199S. SC6S9 of P@deum EIVeem l.c. Thm papef was pqared for pre!iemtabcmat Uw lnWnatonal Cardemnca m tieakh, Safety & Envk rcwnent IWM In NwOrkaK I_ouwrma, 912JwM 1990 Tfus M V@ sekmd fcr pw.zmtilmn by an S$E Pqram Oxmrmes fokmmg rwww of mutmn mmxwd m an abwwa wbmtmd W me author(s) Cc@Mts~the FOpef, as pre$emed, Me not bwn rrr.ww by me %cI@ C4 PUK4Bum Eng!nB3s and are w-10 CXXIKBOO by the author(s) The r7WWal, US ve50nfd, doss M -"" '""W 'W%%.$%RY$ Z POtrohwm Engmears us Omw~, or mentmm paws presented at pubkaton rww,v by Edmrral Camnfite?s d the 5U%KV d P@c+?um EngIwers PerrmssIcII 10 COPY 6 restJD2edto an abstract ot not mare than 3X '.uxds lllusbatIOns may not hscopmd The amtrm 2:.:FE,%EYmsTd%7e=L"Y2, R%%%=?" '" AbstractAs the oilfield industry strives to globally sustain continuous improvement of environmental and quality performance, eompaoies have come to realize Total Quality Environmental Marugement (TQEM) is essential in product mearck development manufacturing and sesvices. As our industry endeavors to continuously improve, more emphasis is being placed upon the management systems we apply such as 1S0 14000 and 1S0 9000. These standards arE tools for improving environmental and quality performance, meeting crrstomcr requirements, and increasing profitability.This pa~r presents actual examples of the successfid integration of environmental and quality mgcment systems into an operational TQEM system. Also presented arc pilotstudy evaluations of the dmfl 1S0 14000 standards by two certified 1S0 9000 facilities.Examples of continuous improvement and cross-functional teams as means to merge environment and quality management into the functions of process control, corrective and preventive actiom document control, and waste management are presented.Results and improvements from facilities involved with TQEM are discussed along with their strategies and progress in consolidating tk environmental and quality programs into a single, viable management system. The case histories from various facilities demonstrate the implementation of TQEM and how TQEM promotes a cleaner environment, reduces costs, ecm-serves energy and raw materials, minimizes pollutants and wastes, and reduces redundant paperwork.