To avoid the use of hydrofluoric acid, a series of fluorinated trivalent and tetravalent metal-containing phthalocyanines (MPcs) were synthesized using a straightforward one-step halide substitution process using cesium fluoride (CsF) as the fluoride source and by reflux in N , N -dimethylformamide for less than an hour. The resulting fluoro MPcs were characterized and compared to the parent chloro MPcs. In some cases, very little change in properties was observed between the fluoro MPcs and the chloro MPcs. In other cases, such as fluoro aluminum phthalocyanine, a blue shift in the absorbance characteristics and an increase in oxidation and reduction potential of as much as 0.22 V was observed compared to the chloro derivative. Thermo gravimetric analysis was performed on all halo-MPcs, indicating that the choice of halo substitution on the axial position can have an effect on the decomposition or sublimation temperature of the final compound. After initial establishment and characterization of the fluoro MPcs, the halide substitution reaction of difluoro silicon phthalocyanine (F 2 -SiPc) was further explored by scaling the reaction up to a gram scale as well as considering tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as an additional safe fluoride source. The scaled-up reactions producing F 2 -SiPc using CsF and TBAF as fluoride exchange sources were successfully reproducible, resulting in reaction yields of 100 and 73%, respectively. Both processes led to pure final products but results indicate that CsF, as the fluoride exchange reagent, appears to be the superior reaction process as it has a much higher yield.

Background: Higher education programs that admit students to sequential curricula incur a substantial financial loss when an enrolled student fails to continue in the program for whatever reason. In many instances, the seat cannot be filled, and valuable tuition dollars often over $90,000 per student is lost to the institution. In addition to financial loss, Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs are required to report and explain rates to the Commission for Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). Admission committees at Doctor of Physical Therapy programs seek candidates that will be successful in the program and pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore relationships of non-cognitive characteristics (grit and emotional intelligence) and Grade Point Average (GPA) in the first year of a DPT program with the intent to potentially identify students who might benefit from remediation/intervention to prevent attrition. Methods: Forty-two students in the first year of a Doctor of Physical Therapy program completed the Grit scale and the Mayers-Salovey Emotional Intelligence test early in the fall semester of year one. Results: There were no significant relationships between grit or emotional intelligence and academic success in the first year of a DPT program. Conclusions: The current study provides preliminary information related to non-cognitive factors of grit and emotional intelligence and success in a Doctor of Physical Therapy program.

Strong authentication and encryption schemes help cloud stakeholders in performing the robust and accurate cloud auditing of a potential service provider. All security-related issues and challenges, therefore, need to be addressed before a ubiquitous adoption of cloud computing. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of existing biometrics-based security technologies and discuss some of the open research issues that need to be addressed for making biometric technology an effective tool for cloud computing security. Finally, this chapter provides a performance analysis on the use of large-scale biometrics-based authentication systems for different cloud computing platforms.