The characterization of corrosion products in leaded bronze based on the voltammetry of immobilized particles methodology is described. Voltammetric data, supported by Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (FESEM‐EDX) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allow the identification of copper and lead corrosion materials. The mutual influence of such products is modeled upon considering uncompensated ohmic drops in the Tafel analysis of the rising portion of the respective voltammetric signals for their electrochemical reduction.

The application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for the characterization and dating of leaded bronze objects is described. Characteristic voltammetric signatures of copper and lead corrosion products were used as markers of more or less prolonged corrosion periods. The proposed methodology was applied to samples from the Roman archaeological sites of Valeria (Spain) and Gadara (Jordan), Roman and medieval sites in Xàtiva (Spain), and modern statuary exhibited outdoors, on the campus of the Universitat Politècnica of Valencia, Spain, covering a time interval between the fourth to second century BC and the 20th century AD. For such samples, the ratio between the signals for copper and lead corrosion products decreased monotonically with the corrosion time. This variation was modelled on the basis of thermochemical and kinetic considerations, the experimental data being consistent with a potential rate law for the corrosion process.

In paper conservation, cyclododecane (CDD) is commonly used to waterproof water-sensitive inks and paints. In order to apply CDD over thin lines (such as those of drawings or signatures), conservators often use kistkas. While being a useful, convenient tool, the kistka does not always allow for a precise application of CDD. In this study, the influence of the CDD temperature on its tendency to spread through the paper-fibre web and its ability to waterproof water-sensitive materials were assessed. CDD was applied on four types of paper that were considered to be representative. During the tests, the temperature of a regular kistka was precisely controlled through an open-loop phasecontrol AC regulator. The test series showed that at a temperature of approximately 70°C, CDD is very easy to apply precisely, yet its waterproofing effects are not very good; at approximately 90°C, CDD is excellent at waterproofing, but is very difficult to apply precisely. While the ideal temperature may vary depending on the technical requirements of the artefact, it is important to stress that a variation of as little as 5°C has a relevant influence on the applicability and waterproofing efficiency of melted CDD.

The awareness of toxicological risk issues as a search for a substantial improvement in the quality of life, has progressively allowed the development of lines of research in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Assets. One of these premises is the reduction of toxicity parameters, as for example happens with the use of natural and innocuous preservatives and biocides for the restorer, but that used without criteria can pose a clear risk to the conservation of the work. This research analyzes the incorporation of new natural materials for microbiological control, focusing the study on the inclusion of essential oils and extracts, which allow to promote the future conservation of the adhesive mixtures used in different restorative treatments of paintings on canvas. The aim is to make known the advantages and disadvantages that the inappropriate use of this type of substances can cause for the conservation of works, which currently present an upward projection of use in the conservator's workshop. For this, its fundamental characteristics are exposed, not only taking into account toxicity parameters, but also assessing its chemical composition and biocidal behavior against critical microbial pathogens. Gone is the primacy of the artistic work over the restorer, where the development of formulations free of harmful agents, facilitates friendly working environmental environments, seeking the perfect balance between heritage conservation and health.