Currently, the method mostly used by practitioners of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the "crisp numbers" method. Nevertheless, this arithmetic method is far away of giving correct values due to its rigidity and the lack of consideration of important aspects as the imprecision and incompleteness of data and the uncertainty that usually pervade our knowledge of environment. A more flexible model that considers uncertainty of knowledge and imprecision of data is necessary. Among the different approaches for the assessment of environmental impacts, the fuzzy logic-based one takes account of the aspects said before; this was our primal assumption. On this paper, we explain the structure and performance of the fuzzy rule-based inference model we built, how it works, and what can be obtained when used to assess environmental impacts. Our fuzzy expert system for the assessment of environmental impacts (FESAEI) is built as the combination of five subsystems, using a total of 120 fuzzy rules, and being the output and input for the next subsystem. We assessed the parameters of rarity, robustness, quality, recoverability, intrinsic value, extension, intensity, persistence, impact_character, cumulativeness, transmissivity, and impact prevalue in four subsystems. The fifth subsystem gives the definitive impact value corresponding to the impact type of "compatible," "moderate," "severe," and "critical." The model is verified and statistically validated. Weighted Cohen's kappa shows an almost perfect concordance among experts and FESAEI's evaluations.
RESUMENEste estudio ha sido realizado en Quijorna (Madrid) durante los años 1983 y 84. Se trata de una zona con cultivos de cereales, sotos fluviales, encinares y olivares. La estación reproductora de la Tórtola Común se extiende, principalmente, desde la primera quincena de mayo a la segunda de agosto. El tamaño medio de puesta es de 1.98 huevos y el tamaño de pollada de 1.87 pollos. El éxito reproductor difiere claramente entre los dos años de estudio, siendo bajo en 1983. La pérdida de huevos es debida, principalmente, al abandono y/o depredación. La mortalidad de pollos se debe a la depredación. El período de caza de la Tórtola Común debería iniciarse en septiembre para evitar un efecto negativo sobre la reproducción.PALABRAS CLAVE: Streptopelia turtur, Madrid (España), Estación reproductora, Puesta, Pollada, Éxito reproductor. SUMMARYThis study has been carried out in the 1983-84 breeding seasons in Quijorna (Madrid). This área is a cereal producing district with fluvial groves, holm-oak woods and olive groves. The breeding seasons extends from the first fortnight of May to the second fortnight of August. The mean clutch size was 1.98, while the mean number of nestlings was 1.87. The breeding success differs clearly between two years, beings low in 1983. The losses of eggs are mainly due to desertion and/or predation. Nestlings' mortality is due to predation. The hunting season of the turtle dove should start in September, so as to avoid the effect of hunting on breeding.
RESUMENEl presente trabajo analiza la evolución durante un ciclo biológico anual de la selección de habitat realizada por una población de perdiz roja (Alectoris rufa) en una zona de sierra del Sur de la provincia de Alicante. Se aplica el Análisis de Correspondencias (CA) y un índice de selección de tipo bivariante (IS). El factor 1 del CA representa la oposición entre los sembrados de cereal sobre suelos particulados y las zonas de matorral y pinos sobre suelos pedregosos. La mayor selección se detecta en la labor de cereal (LB(T)|, utilizada como zona principal de alimentación. El matorral es la vegetación de refugio más seleccionada. El estrato herbáceo más usado presenta altura de 0-0.5 m., cobertura superior al 25 % y composición de Gramíneas y/o Compuestas. El estrato arbustivo más utilizado muestra altura de 0-0.5 m., cobertura de 50-75 % y composición de Rosmarinas officinalis y Globularia alypum. El estrato arbóreo más usado aparece con altura de 2-3 m., cobertura de 0-25 % y composición de Pinus halepensis. La vegetación de borde más utilizada presenta estratos arbustivo y herbáceo. PALABRAS-CLAVE: SUMMARYWe analyze the temporal evolution of habitat selection on a red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) population during a yearly period in a mountain área in Southern part of Alicante province. We use Correspondence Analysis (CA) and a bivariate selection index (IS). The first factor of CA shows the opposition of cereal crops on fine particulate lands against the shrub and pine áreas on stony lands. The highest selection index is shown in cereal crops [LB(T)1, mainly used as feeding área. The shrub is the more used shelter vegetation type. The more used herbaceous layer presents height of 0-0.5 m., cover heigher than Depto. de Ecología. Fac. de Ciencias. Universidad de Alicante. 03080-Alicante. Depto. de Matemáticas e Investigación Operativa. Fac. Ciencias. Universidad de Alicante. 03080-Alicante.
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