-In order to determine the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by triatomines in Metztitlan municipality, Hidalgo State, Mexico, entomological indexes were calculated and the characteristics of dwellings were described. A transversal, retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was performed by means of an intentional not probabilistic and expertise sampling from January to December of 2005 in 10 localities in which presence of triatomines were investigated either intra or peridomestic environmental in 699 houses. Building material and presence of infected triatomines with T. cruzi were registered to determine entomologic indexes. The triatomine species collected were: Triatoma barberi (Usinger) and T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). The results indicated that natural infection index varied from 7.7% to 50%; colonization index reached 80%; infestation index varied from 7.7% to 25%; dispersion index was 70%. Stone-walled houses were more infested. We can conclude that it is necessary to establish T. cruzi transmission control measures against triatomines in localities from Metztitlan, primarily in stone-walled houses where T. barberi occurs, as it was the most important vector species in the transmission of T. cruzi in this municipality. KEY WORDS: Triatoma barberi, Triatoma mexicana, Chagas disease, vector, epidemiologyLa enfermedad de Chagas, cuyo agente causal es el protozoario hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi, es un importante problema de salud pública en países latinoamericanos en donde se ha estimado que aproximadamente el 25% de los habitantes están en riesgo de infección lo cual es alrededor de 120 millones (Guzmán 2001). En México se realizó la Encuesta Nacional Seroepidemiológica (ENSE) demostrando presencia de personas seropositivas a T. cruzi en todos los estados de la República con prevalencias que varían del 0,1% al 5% (Velasco et al 1992).La transmisión de T. cruzi al humano ocurre mediante varios mecanismos, el más frecuente es mediante las deyecciones de insectos redúvidos hematófagos denominados triatóminos, quienes defecan sobre un individuo durante el momento en que le están picando (Brener 1973, García et al 2000. Por tanto, los habitantes que viven en las zonas donde se detecta la presencia de triatóminos quedan en riesgo de adquirir la enfermedad de Chagas. Independientemente de las especies que se encuentren, todas las especies son transmisoras desde sus etapas ninfales hasta las adultas. Sin embargo, un dato interesante es que la capacidad transmisora del redúvido, además de su comportamiento, puede ser distinta para cada especie (Alejandre et al
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