In this cohort of middle-aged men and women, a crude association between heart rate and death from CVDs was greatly weakened when we adjusted for the main risk factors of disease. This suggests that an increased heart rate in middle age may be a marker of high cardiovascular risk, but is not an independent risk factor.

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Background:An association of insulin use and risk of cancer has been reported but evidence is conflicting and methodological issues have been identified.Objective: To summarize results regarding insulin use and cancer risk by a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies examining risk of cancer associated with insulin use in patients with diabetes.Data Sources: Systematic literature search in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library.Study Eligibility Criteria (PICOS): Population: diabetes patients. Exposure: Users of any exogenous insulin. Comparison: Diabetes patients with or without use of antidiabetic drugs. Outcome: Any incident cancer. Study Design: Cohort and case-control studies.Results: 42 eligible studies examined risk of any cancer and 27 site-specific cancers. Results of individual studies were heterogeneous. Meta-analyses were significant for: Insulin vs No Insulin: Increased risk for pancreas, liver, kidney, stomach and respiratory cancer, decreased risk for prostate cancer. Insulin vs Non-Insulin Antidiabetics: Increased risk for any, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Glargine vs Non-Glargine Insulin: Increased risk for breast cancer, decreased risk for colon cancer.Limitations: Few studies available for most cancer sites and exposure contrasts, and few assess effect of dose and duration of exposure. Methodological issues in several studies. Availability of confounders.Conclusions: Insulin use was associated with risk of cancer at several sites. Cautious interpretation of results is warranted as methodological issues and limitations in several of the included studies have been identified. Choice of study design may have a profound effect on estimated cancer risk.

The proportion of women using potentially teratogenic medications in the first trimester of pregnancy have increased during the last decade. Clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of pregnancy when prescribing potentially teratogenic medication to women of fertile age and focus this in the consultations. The increasing trends call for the need of routine surveillance of adverse birth outcomes linked to medication use in pregnancy.

Behavior of herring (Clupea harengus) is stimulated by two ocean-going research vessels; respectively designed with and without regard to radiated-noise-standards. Both vessels generate a reaction pattern, but, contrary to expectations, the reaction initiated by the silent vessel is stronger and more prolonged than the one initiated by the conventional vessel. The recommendations from the scientific community on noise-reduced designs were motivated by the expectation of minimizing bias on survey results caused by vessel-induced fish behavior. In conclusion, the candidate stimuli for vessel avoidance remain obscure. Noise reduction might be necessary but is insufficient to obtain stealth vessel assets during surveys.