Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are prevalent throughout the world. HIV infection increases the risk of HBV and HCV liver disease especially when HIV-associated immunodeficiency progresses. Aims and Objectives: This study was carried out with the objectives as follows: Estimation of the prevalence of HIV- Hepatitis co-infection, determine CD4+T lymphocyte count in co-infected patients, identify most common opportunistic infections in HIV – Hepatitis co- infection. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was carried among people with confirmed HIV infection. HIV antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCV antibody tests were done in all patients visiting to integrated counseling and testing center. HIV, HBV, and HCV viral load were done in all serologically confirmed patients. In HBsAg positive patients various markers for hepatitis such as hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and anti-hepatitis B envelop antibody were also done. Results: Out of 357 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) patients 15/357 (4.20%) were co-infected with HBV, 03/357 (0.84%) were co-infected with HCV. The overall seroprevalence of Hepatitis virus (HBV+HCV) in PLHA patients was found to be 5.04% (18/357). CD4+T lymphocyte count <200 cells/μL was seen in 66/339 (19.4%), 04/15 (26.6%), and 03/03 (100%) patients of HIV mono-infected, HBV co-infected, and in HCV co-infected patients, respectively. HIV Viral load ≤1000 copies/mL was seen in 324 and 15 patients in HIV mono-infected and HIV- hepatitis co-infected patient, respectively. Among PLHA patients who were positive for HBsAg; 46.7% (n=7) patients had HBV viral load >2000 IU/mL. All hepatitis B co-infected patients were positive for HBcAb test; HBeAg was positive in 40% (n=06). All HBeAg positive were having viral load >2000 IU/mL. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients are more prone to hepatitis associated liver diseases and exposure to the HBV infection than the general population.

Background: Ujjain being a holy city with 327 registered temples, large numbers of people are indulged in priesthood as an occupation. Priests are more vulnerable for health-related problems as priesthood demands some characteristic working environment, i.e. closed, damped, smoky, noisy and crowded workplace. Aim of the study was to assess workplace environment of the priest along with occurrence of occupational injuries.Method: A cross-sectional study done on registered Hindu priests. Total sample size was 440. Simple random sampling was done. Self-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire including parameters like problem felt, job satisfaction, stress felt, working hours and occupational injuries were used for data collection by personal interview.Results: 256 (58.2%) study participants encounter occupational injury. Problems felt at their workplace were- overcrowding 259 (58.9%), improper drainage system 48 (10.9%), unsafe drinking water 44 (10%), air pollution 25 (5.7%), inappropriate waste disposal 24 (5.5%), poor ventilation 24 (5.5%), no sick-room 8 (1.8%) and no toilets 8 (1.8%). Out of 440 study participants 132 (30.0%) were not satisfied with their job due to-less financial support 96 (22%), long duration of working hours 20 (4%) and stressful relations with co-workers 16(4%). 136 (30.9%) of study participants were stressed at their workplace. Statistically significant (p<0.05) association was seen between occurrence of occupational injuries and age, job satisfaction, working hours (overtime) and stress felt.Conclusion: Most of the problems felt by study participants along with occupational injuries and job dissatisfaction occurred due to poor financial support, long working hours and stressful relations with co-workers.