There have been very few comparative studies on male rats evaluating the negative consequences predicted to result from repeated exposure in two separate routes of the herbicide Penoxsulam, which is used on crop soil, due to the ecosystem impact. This study was carried out to examine the repeated toxicity potential of Penoxsulam on male Wistar rats using a dermal topical patch application and oral ingestion route. Five male wistar rats per group of young adults, 12 to 14 weeks old, weighing 200 to 300 grams, were subjected to recurrent topical exposure in this comparative study. While 10 healthy male Wistar rats per group, aged 6 to 8 weeks, and weighing 130 to 190 grams, were utilised for repeated oral exposure. In both investigations, No alteration in body weight, organ weight, feed consumption, biochemical parameters were seen in repeated dermal exposure after post dosing in all male rats While, Penoxsulam herbicide disturbed the physiology of male rats and having significant changes in bodyweight, organ weight, feed consumption, biochemical parameters during the course of repeated 90 days oral exposure. Withall together findings the data agreed that Penoxsulam herbicide (used on crop soil) completely not produce dermal toxicity to the skin after repeated topical patch application to the male rats; However it was deleterious to the male wistar rats and appears to be unsafe for repeated oral ingestion on environment.

Aims: Many herbicides react to the body system and might effect the activity of hormones in the human body. The present work aims to determine the potential impact of 90 days of repeated exposure to Penoxsulam herbicide by oral gavage on the Liver, Kidney, Thyroid endocrine profile and biochemical stress in the wistar rat model. Study Design: The primary study was performed to Wistar rats grouped into 6 groups. Four groups were picked for low dose, middle dose, high dose, and high recovery dose, respectively. They were administered the Penoxsulam at dose levels of 100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, 2 recovery groups were classified as control and recovery control groups, and doses were administered to them only through the corn oil (vehicle) via the oral route with the help of a suitable cannula for 90 days. Place and Duration of Study: Toxicology department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi (INDIA), July 2020 and June 2021. Methodology: In this study, healthy 60 male and 60 female Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 130-190 gm, were used. Before commencing the study, permission from IAEC (Institutional animal ethics committee) was taken for this experiment (CPCSEA). Results: This study evaluates significant changes in the body weight of rats; moreover, Penoxsulam elevated the significance level of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, Urea, and Creatinine. No alterations were seen in Hematology parameters and Ophthalmology examination. Also, physiological changes were examined after exposure to penoxsulam in rats. Conclusion: Therefore, Penoxsulam showed harmful toxic effects on the Kidney and Liver. However, no alteration has been seen in the thyroid profile (T3 triiodothyronine, T4 thyroxine, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone) of Wistar rats during the experimentation period.

Aims: The present experiment was conducted (comparative study) to determine the effect of single and repeated exposure of Penoxsulam herbicide by topical route. Study Design: To assess acute toxicity, rats were topically exposed by Penoxsulam at 2000 mg/kg body weight and all the animals were observed for 14 days experiment period while, in Subacute toxicity , the rats were topically exposed with Penoxsulam at three multiple dose levels; 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg body. weight once daily for 28 days. Place and Duration of Study: Toxicology department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi (INDIA), June 2018 and June 2019. Methodology: Acute study was carried out in 10 wistar rats and in subacute study the wistar rats were divided into 4 groups i.e., control group, low dose group, middle group, high dose group; 5 male and 5 female rats/ group at the age of 2-3 kg were exposed over a period of 28 days. After dose application the patch was removed and the test site were cleaned with cotton moistened with distilled water. Results: In both toxicity study found that there were no clinical signs of skin reactions (Draize method) and no significant P>0.05 changes were observed in Bodyweight, Biochemistry, and Histopathology among the treated as well as in control group of animals. Therefore, data of this study supports that topical exposure of Penoxsulam in rats were shown normal histology of liver, kidney, and skin at the multiple doses besides this; Penoxsulam does not have potential to produce acute and subacute adverse systemic toxic reaction to the animals. Conclusion: Therefore, data of this study supports that topical exposure of Penoxsulam in rats were shown normal histology of liver, kidney, and skin at the multiple doses besides this; Penoxsulam does not have potential to produce acute and subacute adverse systemic toxic reaction to the animals.