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Background: Kidneys are the vital organs of the body which are having multiple functions. The benign or malignant diseases of the kidney result in total organ removal. Renal tumors comprise a wide spectrum of neoplastic lesions with patterns that are distinct for children and adults. In India management of chronic kidney diseases is a great challenge as the dialysis and kidney transplantations are expensive. Objectives: To study histopathological features of various nephrectomy specimens and to determine the age and sex distribution in various renal lesions. Materials and Methods: The study is done in Mysore medical college and research institute. Total 50 nephrectomy cases were studied in a period of 2 years from 2015 to 2017. Result: Total of 50 nephrectomy cases were studied out of which 27 were male and 23 were female with ratio of 1.17:1. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic cases were 36 and 14 respectively, with ratio of 1.44:1. In non-neoplastic chronic pyelonephritis is most common 21 cases (58.3%), followed by hydronephrosis-5 (13.9%) cases, tuberculous pyelonephritis-3 cases (8.3%), Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis-2 cases (5.6%). Simple renal cyst, Polycystic kidney disease, End stage kidney disease, RTA and Ischemic atrophy-1 case each. In neoplastic, RCC is the most common-10 cases, followed by SCC and Angiomyolipoma-2 cases each. Most of the patients presented in age group of 4th to 5th decade and histologically RCC-clear cell type was the most common subtype. Conclusion: Chronic pyelonephritis is most common non neoplastic lesion and RCC is the most common neoplastic lesion in which clear cell type is most common subtype

Diseases of thyroid gland are common and have wide spectrum of entities ranging from functional, immune mediated to neoplastic lesions. The aim of this study is to describe the different pattern of lesions in thyroidectomy specimens. To study occurrence of various lesions of thyroidectomy specimens.This study was done in Dept. of pathology, Mysore Medical College over a period of 2 years from Feb 2017 to Feb 2019. The thyroid diseases were classified on histological grounds into congenital, non- neoplastic and neoplastic lesions that were further sub classified as benign and malignant as per WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors. A total of 104 thyroidectomy specimens were received during this study period. 91 cases (87.5%) were females and 13 cases (12.5%) were males with F: M ratio of 7:1. Non neoplastic lesions accounted for 72% and includes colloid goiter, multinodular goiter, nodular hyperplasia, hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroglossal cyst and lymphocytic thyroiditis. Neoplastic lesions accounted for 30% and consists of follicular adenoma as benign neoplasm, 17 malignant cases, 13 cases were of papillary thyroid carcinoma classic type, two cases of follicular carcinoma, one case of well differentiated follicular carcinoma of undetermined malignant potential and one case of non invasive follicular tumor with papillary like nuclear features. Thyroid lesions predominantly affects females. Most commonly seen during 3decade of life. Colloid goiter is the commonest non-neoplastic followed by multinodular goiter. Follicular adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm, papillary carcinoma of thyroid was the common thyroid malignancy seen.

Bone marrow examination has become an indispensable in diagnosis of Haematological and Non haematological diseases. It is very easy and rapid compared to other expensive and time consuming investigation, bone marrow examination i.e. aspiration and clot section done simultaneously, can yield good diagnostic material. Aims a nd Objectives: This study was aimed to assess diagnostic value of BMA and Bone Marrow Clot section and role of both procedures to reach final diagnosis when done simultaneously. Materials a nd Methods: This study was done on 30 cases in which peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration and cell blocks were available and included in study. Bone marrow aspiration was performed, cell block was prepared and stained with H&E and smears were stained with Leishman stain. Results: BMA Smears were compared with Paraffin embedded cell block section. Out of 30 cases there were 20 cases (66.66%) of anaemias, 04 cases (13.33%) lymphoid neoplasms, 04 cases (13.33%) Acute leukemia, 01case (3.33%) MPD, 01case (3.33%) Metastatic deposit. In 09 cases i.e. 30% cell block was unsatisfactory. Conclusion: Morphology was better in aspirate smear than clot section but Megakaryocytes, Eosinophilic precursor and Megaloblastic changes was appreciated in cell block sections. The advantage of both procedures done together provide more material and may help in more accurate diagnosis.