The prevalence of celiac disease in this north Indian community is 1 in 96. Celiac disease is more common than is recognized in India.

We compare the different methods of treating vesical calculi to establish the most effective and safe modality. Of 128 patients with bladder calculi 5 underwent an open operation, 80 underwent mechanical cysto-lithotripsy and 43 underwent extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Severe complications included hematuria, bladder perforation and mucosal injury in the mechanical cystolithotripsy group. We find extracorporeal shock wave therapy to be a simple, effective and safe modality for the management of vesical lithiasis.

The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in our study was 10 %. The most frequent FGID noted was functional dyspepsia.

Early recognition, prompt evaluation and algorithm-based management will improve outcome in neonatal cholestasis. Inclusion of stool/urine color charts in well baby cards and sensitizing pediatricians about differentiating conjugated from the more common unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia are possible effective steps. Considering the need for specific expertise and the poor outcome in sub- optimally managed cases, referral to regional centers is warranted.

The classical treatment for vesical lithiasis consists of surgery or endoscopic transurethral disintegration. These procedures require anaesthesia and hospitalisation. We report our experience with the Siemens Lithostar in 18 male patients with bladder stones. Complete fragmentation was achieved after a single session in 14 patients and 4 required 2 sessions. A 3-way Foley catheter with saline irrigation was used during treatment. Patients were treated in the prone position followed by immediate evacuation of stone fragments in 9 cases. Morbidity was minimal. Two patients developed impacted fragments and required stone retrieval. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for vesical lithiasis appears to be a simple, well tolerated and effective form of treatment.