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Background: Wedelia trilobata L. (WT), a common herbal plant in Vietnam, is popularly used as a strong antioxidant in Vietnamese folk medicine. However, limited studies have reported the application of WT flower in cosmeceutical area. Purpose: This study explored the potentials of WT loaded fibroin microparticles (FMPs-WT) as a novel anti-aging cosmeceutical product. Methods: The WT flower was firstly extracted by maceration with methanol, ethanol 60%, and ethanol 96%, and its chemical compositions and total polyphenol content were investigated. Then, the FMPs-WT were developed by desolvation method and physicochemically characterized. Finally, the product antioxidant activities were in-vitro determined using DPPH assay. Results: The optimal WT extract was the ethanol 60% extract, which contains polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and organic acids; with a total polyphenol content of 46.47 ± 2.32 mg GAE/g plant powder. The FMPs-WT were successfully formulated, with a distinct silk-II polymorph; varied sizes of 0.592 to 9.820 µm, depending on the fibroin concentrations and the WT extraction solvent; high entrapment efficiencies of >65%; and sustained-release patterns of polyphenol in pH 7.4 for >6 h. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the pure WT flower extracts possessed high scavenging actions with IC 50 of 7.98 ± 0.40 µg/mL, comparable with the standard ascorbic acid (IC 50 = 4.23 ± 0.21 µg/mL). Moreover, the FMPs-WT could retain the extract antioxidant capacity, and exert the effects in a timely manner, corresponding to its release profile. Conclusion:The FMPs-WT could be further investigated to become a potential anti-aging cosmeceutical product in the market.

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The problem of concept equivalence is often addressed within ontology alignment. A similar problem is however encountered in ontology design: the decision whether to express multiple semantically close informal concepts as one or more formal classes, for which we coin the term concept quasi-equivalence trade-off. We outline its formal framework as well as an initial set of decision-making criteria. We also tried to collect traces of the trade-off from two sources: the LOV vocabulary catalog and ontology design experts addressed through a questionnaire. Finally, we discuss possible modalities of a software support.