No abstract

No abstract

This paper examines the impact of welding parameters on tensile shear fracture load, nugget geometry and microstructure of resistance spot welds (RSW) of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 L and duplex stainless steel 2205 under lap shear loading condition. The macroscopic examination resulted that many of the nugget lengths were nearer to and higher than the AWS recommended value 4√t and failed at higher tensile shear load. Nugget height for DSS 2205 side was higher in comparison with AISI 316 L due to higher thermal conductivity of duplex stainless steel. Three welding parameters mainly welding current of 9 kA, heating cycle of 9 and electrode tip diameter of 6 mm were discovered as most effectual parameters on the tensile shear load and microstructure of weldments. Heterogeneous hardness was observed in the fusion zone due to the transition of equiaxed to columnar grains takes place in the both sides of nugget edge. DSS HAZ nearby BM observed higher hardness and ASS HAZ nearby BM reported lower hardness. WMZ Microstructure confirmed that thickness of austenite layers increased with heat input. Also, an unmixed zone in the microstructure identified as HAZ which contains delta ferrite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images in the nugget zone for different welding parameters confirmed that Intra-Granular Austenite (IGA) highly developed at higher welding current. SEM fractrograph for the tensile sheared specimens at higher and lower heat input confirmed the ductile type fracture even failed at Inter-Facial (IF) mode. Nugget area and nugget hardness were positively correlated with Tensile Shear Fracture Load (TSFL).

No abstract

Cellular manufacturing has been effective in implementing Group Technology Philosophy so as to design a manufacturing system. In cellular manufacturing, it is imperative for the machines to be grouped and the parts to be assigned as part families depending on the level of similarity. Several research works have been carried out on the challenges faced in cell formation and their variants. Yet, based on zero-one machine-product occurrence matrix as the study's contribution data, only a small number of researchers have come out with a solution for overcoming feasibility evaluation and cell arrangement problems. An innovative similarity coefficient approach was proposed in the study to integrate feasibility evaluation, cell creation and intra-machine cell layout design by taking operation sequence into account. For tackling the challenges, an efficient heuristic solution has been proposed to use the similarity coefficient. The purpose of this study is to use eigenvalues of the resemblance matrix of coefficient and Kaiser's law to determine the appropriate sum of cells in the machine-product occurrence matrix. It is followed by rearranging the machines as well as the product depending on similarity value. The intra-machine cell layout design depending on flow matrix is attained. In addition, the proposed approach takes into consideration the intercellular movements, backtracking movements, number of operation and voids. The performance of the proposed approach has been assessed with renowned bench mark problem derived from previous literature and the findings have been contrasted to the CASE and CLASS algorithm. From the computational result, it could be inferred that the suggested approach is found to offer better (or) equal solution than the prevailing method. To add more, a real-world industrial case has been suggested to make evident the manner in which the proposed approach functions and the benefits attained by implementing the same.