Plants exposes to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. It received various signals called Herbivoreassociated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and induces defence mechanism against insects. Defense system, by this plant mitigates the adverse effects of herbivore, consisting of various morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. The trichomes, epidermis, cuticle, and bark tissues are important physical barriers to herbivores. Various secondary metabolites reduces digestibility in insect. The cysteine protease overexpression in maize retard the growth of S. frugiperda. In Arabidopsis, release of green-leaf volatiles by overexpression of hpl gene increases, which increases attraction of parasitoid Cotesia glomerata that increases mortality of larva of Pieris rapae. The application of plant hormones like JA, SA, and Ethylene etc. also induces defence system in the plant against insect. However, the exact defensive mechanism is still not understood. Studying the level of molecular mechanism of induced resistance against insect could be an important tool for the pest management.

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Generally the cell-to-cell communications take place by classical phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid. Likewise the plant peptide hormones are also involved in various aspects of growth and development. The physicochemical interactions of peptide hormones with their receptors activate downstream signaling which modulates cellular functions. These peptide actively involved in plant defense system improvements against biotic and abiotic stress (es), growth and development over the past decade have heralded the beginning of a new and potential growing field of polypeptide signaling in plants. Here, we review the currently known major plant polypeptides, their receptor proteins, polypeptide/receptor-mediated signaling cascades and their functions in plant.

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The study was carried out to assess the optimum incubation time for cowpea seed priming and to determine the optimum concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) for cowpea seed priming. We have observed that the optimum time for cowpea seed priming with methyl jasmonate is 6 hrs. Furthermore, we have analysed the effects of different concentrations of SA and MJ on germination percentage and root length of cowpea genotypes. We saw that SA decreased the number of seeds that sprouted, while MJ decreased the length of the first roots.