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To cite this article: Kakkar VV, Balibrea JL, Martínez-Gonzá lez J, Prandoni P, on behalf of the CANBESURE Study Group. Extended prophylaxis with bemiparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer: the CANBESURE randomized study. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 1223-9.Summary. Background: There is not enough clinical evidence to make a strong recommendation on the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) in patients undergoing major cancer surgery. Patients and methods: CANBESURE is a randomized, double-blind study which enrolled patients admitted for abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer. They received 3500 IU of bemiparin subcutaneously once daily for 8 days and were then randomized to receive either bemiparin or placebo for 20 additional days. Bilateral venography was performed after 20 days and evaluated blinded. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), non-fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) and all-cause mortality at the end of double-blind period. Major venous thromboembolism (proximal deep-vein thrombosis, non-fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism-related deaths) was also evaluated. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Results: Six hundred and twenty-five and 488 patients were included in the safety and main efficacy analyzes, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 25 out of 248 patients (10.1%) in the bemiparin group and 32 out of 240 (13.3%) in the placebo group (relative risk reduction 24.4%; 95% CI: )23.7-53.8%; P = 0.26). At the end of double-blind period, major venous thromboembolism occurred in 2 (0.8%) and 11 (4.6%) patients, respectively (relative risk reduction 82.4%; 95% CI: 21.5-96.1%; P = 0.010). No significant difference was found in major bleedings. Conclusions: Four weeks compared with 1 week of prophylaxis with bemiparin after abdominal or pelvic cancer surgery did not significantly reduce the primary efficacy outcome, but decreased major venous thromboembolism (VTE) without increasing hemorrhagic complications.

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A five-chambered pneumatic vinyl sleeve was used to determine the optimum pressure range of graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb, which would be most beneficial in increasing deep venous velocity. The effects of four different ranges of pressure upon deep venous velocity (technetium-99), calf muscle blood flow (xenon-133) and subcutaneous tissue flow (sodium-24) were measured in recumbent patients. The pressure range 18, 14, 8, 10, 8 mmHg produced a significant increase in mean deep venous velocity (P less than 0.02) without any consequent impairment of either calf muscle blood flow or subcutaneous tissue flow. A higher pressure range of 30, 26, 14, 18, 12 mmHg also produced an increase in mean deep venous velocity, but caused a significant impairment of calf subcutaneous tissue flow.

In acute deep-vein thrombosis, reviparin regimens are more effective than unfractionated heparin in reducing the size of the thrombus. Reviparin is also more effective than unfractionated heparin for the prevention of recurrent thromboembolism and equally safe.