The compound parabolic collector (CPC) with pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is developed for enhance the heat transfer rate, thermal efficiency and heat losses, and so forth. and working fluid plays a major role in this process. The thermal resistance, temperature, and thermal efficiency have been experimented with under different conditions, and heating periods were analyzed. In this, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and graphene oxide (GO) added distilled water (DW) is used as the working fluid in the filing ratio of 50%. Bald eagle search optimization (BES) algorithm is used for optimizing the experimented values, and the better‐optimized values are used for hybrid BES based deep belief network (DBN) prediction. The maximum temperature obtained for experiment and optimization is 65 and 65.16161°C. 59% of thermal efficiency was obtained as maximum for experimentation, and 59.1542% of thermal efficiency was obtained as maximum for optimization. The maximum thermal resistance obtained for experimentation and optimization is 0.08 and 0.06938°C/W. In this, optimized outputs performed well than the experimental values. Besides, the hybrid DBN based BES algorithm is performed based on the optimized performances to predict the temperature, thermal efficiency and thermal resistance. Further, predicted outcomes are compared with the non‐hybrid neural networks such as DBN, CNN and ANN. DBN‐BES depicts low error values than the non‐hybrid neural networks. Overall, the proposed hybrid solar collector model and the hybrid nanoparticles added water helps to enhance the thermal characteristics with minimum heat loss.

In conventional diesel engines, the reactivity controlled combustion ignition (RCCI) systems find to be offer better emission and engine performances. The main aim of this work is to study and enhance the emission, combustion, and performance characteristics of the RCCI based diesel engine. In the present work, we compare and optimize the characteristics of the diesel engines when using methane added hydrogen and methanol fuels as low reactive fuels (LRF). The diesel and dimethyl ether added biodiesel (spirulina microalgae) are used as high reactivity fuels (HRF) with six different proportion rates. In this, initially, the experimental results are investigated by using methanol as LRF with HRF fuel, and better blend proportion is optimized by using bald eagle search optimization (BESO) performed in the Matlab platform. Then, the methane content added hydrogen is used as LRF with the optimized HRF fuel combinations. Finally, from both cases, the optimized experimental characteristics are predicted with the help of the Elman recurrent neural network based BESO. In which, the hydrogen gas contributed RCCI engine provide supreme engine characteristics such as 217.6 g/kWh of specific fuel consumption, 38.7% of brake thermal efficiency, 84.45 bar of cylinder pressure, and the CO 2 and NOx emissions are 539.2 g/kWh, and 1020 ppm. The result reveals that the proposed predicted results are superiorly validated the experimental outcomes with minimal errors.

High-temperature dissimilar connections built of Inconel 718 and AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) are widely used in a range of industries, including boiler construction, the chemical industry, aerospace, and nuclear. When compared to other materials, Inconel 718 and AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel offer superior strength and corrosion resistance under a variety of environmental conditions. The rotational speed was adjusted between 1100 and 1500 RPM, while the friction pressure, friction time, forging pressure, and forging duration were all kept constant during the testing. Five sets of testing were performed, with the resultant tensile strength (both room temperature and hot tensile) and Vickers Hardness being recorded for each set of trials. To assess the structural integrity of the joints, a detailed microstructural investigation, SEM-EDS, and XRD were performed at their interfaces. Mechanical properties were revealed to be high at 1300 RPM due to the small grain size at the interface region; ultimate tensile strength and hardness were determined to be 571 MPa and 423 HV, respectively, due to the small grain size at the interface region. Additionally, a pitting corrosion study has been conducted on dissimilar welded joints at optimum conditions, and their results were discussed and compared with base metals.