INTRODUCTIONBreech is the common nonvertex presentation in 3-4% of pregnancies all over the world.1 Percentage of breech presentation and deliveries decreases with advancing gestational age, from 22% of births prior to 28 weeks to 7% of births at 32weeks to 1-3% of births at term. 1Incidence decreases towards term due to spontaneous version. So, an active process is involved in limiting this spontaneous version and it results in breech presentation. 2Breech presentation results from uterine anomalies, cornuofundal insertion of placenta, placenta previa, oligohydramnios, fetal getal growth restriction, prematurity, short umbilical cord, fetal anomalies like hydrocephalus, swellings in front of the neck.1 Hence, we should look for the presence of uterine anomalies, site of placenta and fetal anomalies in all cases of breech presentation. Perinatal mortality is increased 3-4fold with breech presentation irrespective of the mode of delivery. 1 Prematurity, cord prolapse and difficulties during vaginal breech delivery especially of the aftercoming head add to the increased perinatal mortality and morbidity following vaginal breech delivery.1 On the otherhand, through planned caesarean delivery, atleast at term, reduces the ABSTRACT Background: The present study was undertaken to study the incidence, aetiology and obstetric outcome of breech presentation in pregnancy in a teaching hospital in a rural area. Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Bhaskar Medical College and Bhaskar General Hospital, Yenkepally, Telangana from May 2014 to March 2017. 50 cases of breech presentation were included in the study. Demographic data like age, parity, gestational age of first detection of breech, aetiological factors of breech, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome were noted from case records. Results: The incidence of breech was 1.4% in pregnancies attending Bhaskar general hospital. 74% were in the age group of 20-24yrs & 20% were in the age group of 25-29yrs. Primis accounted for 62% of the study group. Common etiologies of breech presentation were oligohydramnios (28%) and uterine anomalies (28%). No obvious fetal anomalies were noted. Majority (96%) of cases were delivered by caesarean section for breech associated with oligohydramnios, gestational hypertension, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and preterm. Neonatal outcome was good in breech delivered by caesarean section. Conclusions: Breech delivery is a high risk pregnancy with adverse fetal outcomes during pregnancy and labour. Though caesarean section for breech presentation is not universally recommended, caesarean section can reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity compared to vaginal birth for term breech pregnancy. Mode of delivery should be decided based on the case and obstetrician's skill.

Background: Poor maternal health among Indian women is of global significance because India is home to 1/5th of the world’s births. 27% of these newborn babies in India are low birth weight (LBW), an important cause of high infant mortality. This study was conducted among puerperal women who delivered LBW babies in our hospital to know the various factors pertaining to socio-demographic, obstetric and anthropometric characteristics.Methods: this observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Bhaskar medical college and hospital, Moinabad, Hyderabad from January 2016 to June 2017. The study sample were those who delivered LBW babies in our hospital and a set questionnaire was used to collect the relevant details.Results: 75% of these mothers were in the age group of 20-25 years, 73.5% had more than 10 years of schooling. About 64% of these women had their 1st antenatal visit in 1st trimester of pregnancy and 54% had their 1st ultrasound in 1st trimester. 36 babies had NICU admission, either at our hospital or at a level III NICU facility, and all had good neonatal outcome.Conclusions: The state must endeavor to make quality health free and easily accessible to pregnant women so that all can avail these services to better the maternal and neonatal outcomes. This will be helpful in improving the overall health of our population over the next few decades.

INTRODUCTIONProviding quality contraceptive services to women is essential for achieving maternal and child health. Unwanted and untimed pregnancies result in adverse outcomes for mother and child. Short birth intervals are associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. 27% of births occur within 24 months after a previous birth and 34% occur between 24 and 35 months. 1More than 50% of non-breastfeeding women ovulate and more than 50% are sexually active by 6 weeks postpartum. 2 In India, 65% of women have an unmet need for family planning in the first year postpartum. 3 ABSTRACT Background: Providing quality contraceptive services to women is essential for achieving maternal and child health. Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-caesarean insertion of copper IUCDs as postpartum contraception. To study the side effects of intra caesarean copper device. To study the continuation rates of intracaesarean copper IUCDs. To study the acceptability of intra-caesarean copper IUCD as immediate postpartum contraceptive. Methods: The prospective study was undertaken at Bhaskar medical college and general hospital, Yenkepally, Moinabad, Telangana, between January 2016 and March 2018 after ethical committee clearance. About 60 pregnant women were enrolled into the study after an informed written consent regarding the procedure, benefits and complications and the need for follow up for at least one year. Copper T 380A/multiload copper 375 was inserted into the uterine cavity after delivery of the placenta and membranes during caesarean section. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months and one-year intervals for any complaints, visibility of threads and for ultrasound examination for position of copper IUCDs in the uterus. Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel 2016. Results: Nearly 48.33% continued intra-caesarean copper IUCDs for more than 1 year. 70% did not have any complaints. 86.67% came for more than one follow-up visit. 47% had copper IUD threads visible by one year. No case of perforation either during insertion or during continuation was noted. None conceived with copper IUCD in situ. Removal of copper IUCD was also easy and none required hysteroscopic removal. Conclusions: Intra-caesarean copper IUCD insertion is a safe and effective long acting reversible contraceptive method in the postpartum period.