Majority of the children's diet was not adequate for calories and proteins as per Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. Less than half of children were underweight, nearly one third were stunted and one fifth of children were wasted. No child was found to be overweight or obese.

Introduction The present study focuses on virtually training people from various back ground on knowledge, attitude and practices for COVID appropriate behavior as well as to assess the impact of training so as to provide recommendation to behavior and policy amendments. Method ology: Narayana Health CSR conducted 269 sessions for 15,620 Participants across India in 7 languages during April to October 2020. The participants were instructed to fill the Pre test KAP COVID 19 awareness Google form after obtaining the informed consent. The participants were then provided with detailed and updated webinar on COVID 19 awareness followed by Post test COVID 19 awareness Google form. The study included only the participants who completed both pre and post test survey through Google forms which comprise of 2726 individuals. Results Among 2726 individuals majority were male (59%) from rural areas(52%) in the age group of 28–37yrs (39%) followed by 18–27 yrs (24%). As per the education of the participants majority were graduates/diploma holders (43%) and salaried employees(59%). The mean pre and post test score of all participants at 95% confidence level was 29.26 ± 3.78 and 33.78 ± 4.12 respectively. The difference between the mean of pre and post test was significantly associated among various groups based on gender, Karnataka, rural and urban, government and salaried, living conditions as well. Conclusion The virtual training had a significant impact on knowledge among individuals. We recommend promoting health literacy especially among teachers and migrant population as to create awareness and stop the spread of infection.

Background: Most cholera outbreaks are due to faecal contaminated drinking water. On 25 April 2015, Gulbarga district of Karnataka reported 82 diarrhoea cases in Biral B village. We conducted an investigation to identify risk factors for illness and to provide recommendations to control the outbreak and prevent future illness.Methods & Materials: We defined a suspect case of cholera as ≥3 loose stools in 24 hours in a resident of Biral B village between 19 April and 7 May, 2015. We identified cases by active surveillance through a house to house survey. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in every third household. We interviewed 565 persons in 177 households to assess illness status, socio-demographic characteristics, and potential risk factors including water sources and water treatment. We calculated relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We collected five stools samples for testing of Vibrio cholerae at district referral laboratory. We assessed water sources, water distribution and tested all sources for faecal coliforms.Results: We identified 169 cases among 2495 villagers (attack rate = 7%). Three fourths (126) were hospitalized with no deaths. Illness onset dates ranged from 22 April to 7 May 2015. The median age was 25 years (range 1-85yrs) with the highest attack rate of 14% (33/235) among 26 to 35 years group and the lowest attack rate of 1.4% (8/561) among the age group 46 to 55 years. The attack rate was 16% (14/86) among persons using water from an unprotected, hand-dug well A for drinking or cooking (RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-3.8) compared to 10% (15/149) for a second unprotected hand-dug well B(RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5-1.5) and 7% (28/380) for any of six tube-wells (RR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-1.0). One of five stools samples was positive for Vibrio cholerae El Tor Ogawa by culture. Water samples from wells A and B, the six tube wells, overhead tank, and household taps had faecal coliforms and deemed not potable.Conclusion: This suspected cholera outbreak was from using non-potable water particularly from one unprotected well A for drinking or cooking. We recommend chlorination, protection, and regular testing of water sources, particularly well A.

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